English Languag...

In dark days, men need a clear faith and a well-grounded hope; and as the outcome of these, the calm courage which takes no account of hardships by the way. The times through which we are passing have afforded to many of us a confirmation of our faith. We see that the things we had thought evil are really evil, and we know more definitely than we ever did before the directions in which men must move if a better world is to arise on the ruins of the one which is now hurling itself into destruction. We see that men's political dealings with one another are based on wholly wrong ideals, and can only be saved by quite different ideals from continuing to be a source of suffering, devastation, and sin.

Political ideals must be based upon ideals for the individual life. The aim of politics should be to make the lives of individuals as good as possible. There is nothing for the politician to consider outside or above the various men, women, and children who compose the world. The problem of politics is to adjust the relations of human beings in such a way that each severally may have as much of good in his existence as possible. And this problem requires that we should first consider what it is that we think good in the individual life.

In dark days, men need a clear faith and a well-grounded hope; and as the outcome of these, the calm courage which takes no account of hardships by the way. The times through which we are passing have afforded to many of us a confirmation of our faith. We see that the things we had thought evil are really evil, and we know more definitely than we ever did before the directions in which men must move if a better world is to arise on the ruins of the one which is now hurling itself into destruction. We see that men's political dealings with one another are based on wholly wrong ideals, and can only be saved by quite different ideals from continuing to be a source of suffering, devastation, and sin.

Political ideals must be based upon ideals for the individual life. The aim of politics should be to make the lives of individuals as good as possible. There is nothing for the politician to consider outside or above the various men, women, and children who compose the world. The problem of politics is to adjust the relations of human beings in such a way that each severally may have as much of good in his existence as possible. And this problem requires that we should first consider what it is that we think good in the individual life.

In dark days, men need a clear faith and a well-grounded hope; and as the outcome of these, the calm courage which takes no account of hardships by the way. The times through which we are passing have afforded to many of us a confirmation of our faith. We see that the things we had thought evil are really evil, and we know more definitely than we ever did before the directions in which men must move if a better world is to arise on the ruins of the one which is now hurling itself into destruction. We see that men's political dealings with one another are based on wholly wrong ideals, and can only be saved by quite different ideals from continuing to be a source of suffering, devastation, and sin.

Political ideals must be based upon ideals for the individual life. The aim of politics should be to make the lives of individuals as good as possible. There is nothing for the politician to consider outside or above the various men, women, and children who compose the world. The problem of politics is to adjust the relations of human beings in such a way that each severally may have as much of good in his existence as possible. And this problem requires that we should first consider what it is that we think good in the individual life.

Direction: These questions are based on the information given below:

Dr John Kane's father, a retired army general, never smoked and had no apparent health risks – but had died of a heart attack at 66. The news propelled Kane into the field of cardiology. Nearly half a century later, his discoveries may alter the treatment of the No. 1 killer in the industrialized world: heart disease. Kane spent much of his first two decades as a doctor doing research that helped link high cholesterol to heart attacks. He began collecting samples of DNA, believing that genes must play a role as well. Kane has scrutinized 10,000 genes – nearly half the human genome. So far, he has identified 20 variations that seem to mark the people who carry them for heart attacks.

Kane has reached some surprising conclusions: at least half of the genetic variations linked to heart attacks bear no obvious relation to cholesterol levels, blood pressure, or any of the other usual suspects in heart disease. Instead, they strongly suggest mechanisms such as inflammation, which can be caused by an infection or by a haywire immune system. That implies that there may be several forms of heart disease.

If Kane is right, doctors might be able to screen patients' DNA and predict not only whether they are likely to have a heart attack, but which type of heart disease to expect and which drug or procedure might work. Instead of prescribing a cholesterol-lowering pill, such as Lipitor, reflexively, they might choose an anti-inflammatory, for example. Other experts share Kane's conviction. "We're embarking onto the open sea," says Kane, "and we're discovering things that nobody knew about."

Direction:

Given below is a pasage followed by several possible inferences that can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You must examine each inference separately, in the context of the passage, and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity, and

Mark [1], if the inference is ‘definitely true’, i.e., properly follows from the statement of facts given.

Mark [2], if the inference is ‘probably true’, though not ‘definitely true’, in the light of the facts given.

Mark [3], if the ‘data is inadequate’, i.e., from the facts given you cannot draw any conclusion.

Mark [4], if the inference is ‘definitely false’, i.e., it contradicts the given facts.