Chemistry Test - 19

Ionization potential is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or a molecule in the gaseous state. Hydrogen has only one electron in its valence shell or s orbital and ionisation energy decreases from top to bottom in a group as the atomic size increases and as electron cloud goes farther away from the nucleus. So, hydrogen has the highest ionisation potential.

When a single element, or group of elements, has a charge, it is known as an ion. When an ion is positively charged, it's called a cation. Cations form when an element, or group of elements, (compounds) lose one or more electrons.

Aldehydes and ketones having at least one α− hydrogen undergo aldol condensation.

Since CCl₃CHO does not contain any α−H it does not undergo aldol condensation.

Answer is option D.

Fermentation-During fermentation, glucose and other sugars are converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

C₆H₁₂O₆→2C₆H₅OH+2CO₂+heat
 

In ethanol fermentation some other products also produced. They are mostly removed during ethanol purification. Fermentation takes place in an aqueous solution. The resulting solution has an ethanol content of around 15%. Ethanol is subsequently isolated and purified by a combination of adsorption and distillation.

.Ethanol may also be produced industrially from ethylene by hydration of the double bond in the presence of catalysts and high temperature.

CH₂=CH₂+H₂O→C₂H₅OH

Molecular formula of benzoic acid is C₆H₅COOH

Hence option A is correct.

According to graham's law of diffusion, Rate of diffusion

$\propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{molecular}mass}$Molar mass of CO₂= 44g Molar mass of N₂O=28+16=44g since, both CO₂ and N₂ O have same molarmass. Thus, they have same rate of diffusion at constant temperature andpressure.

$\Rightarrow$Balloon remains unchanged in size.

An exothermic reaction occurs when the temperature of a system increases due to the evolution of heat. This heat is released into the surroundings, resulting in an overall negative quantity for the heat of reaction (qrxn<0). An endothermic reaction occurs when the temperature of an isolated system decreases while the surroundings of a non-isolated system gains heat. Endothermic reactions result in an overall positive heat of reaction (qrxn>0).

Blue baby syndrome is caused by nitrates in drinking water.

Hence, option (B) is correct

In BF₃, due to F back bonding to B, least Lewis acid character is observed. So out of above four, BF₃ will have least tendency to accept electron from NH₃.

Hence, option (D) is correct.

Factors which influence the chemical reaction:-

-Surface area of a solid reactant,

-Concentration or pressure of a reactant,

-Temperature= temperature mainly affects the kinetics of a reaction and it also affects the rate constant,

-Nature of the reactants,

-Presence or absence of a catalyst,

So the correct option is [A].