Radio Test - 2

The correct answer is 88 MHz-108 MHz.

Key Points

• The Frequency range of FM Broadcast is 88 MHz-108 MHz.
• FM (frequency modulation) broadcasting is a type of radio transmission that uses frequency modulation (FM).
• Edwin Armstrong, an American engineer, invented it in 1933.
• The FM broadcast band is part of the radio spectrum's Very High-Frequency band.
• Frequency modulation, or FM, is a type of modulation in which the frequency of a carrier wave is changed to communicate information.

All India Radio (A.I.R.):

• The name Akasvani is changed and All India Radio (A.I.R.) for broadcasting was named in the year 1956.
• It is officially known as Akashvani ('celestial announcement' or 'voice from the sky/heaven')
• In 1936, it was established as a part of Prasar Bharati, India's largest broadcasting agency.
• Akashvani is a part of  Prasar Bharati or called the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan, an Indian television broadcaster.
• The Headquarter is located in the Akashvani Bhavan building in New Delhi, it houses the Drama Section, the FM Section, the National Service, and is also home to the Indian television station Doordarshan Kendra, (Delhi).
• 'Akashvani' was first used in the context of radio by M. V. Gopalaswami in 1936.

Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer.

Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting. Community stations serve geographic communities and communities of interest. They broadcast content that is popular and relevant to a local, specific audience but is often overlooked by commercial or mass-media broadcasters. Community radio stations are operated, owned, and influenced by the communities they serve.

Key Points

• Modern community radio stations serve their listeners by offering a variety of content that is not necessarily provided by the larger commercial radio stations. Community radio outlets may carry news and information programming geared toward the local area (particularly immigrant or minority groups who are poorly served by major media outlets). Specialized musical shows are also often a feature of many community radio stations. Community and pirate stations (in areas where they are tolerated) can be valuable assets for a region. Community radio stations typically avoid content found on commercial outlets such as Top 40 music, sports and "drive-time" personalities.
• Community Radios are small (low power) FM radio stations with a coverage area of around 10-15 Km radius, depending on the geography of the area. CRS play a significant role in the dissemination of agriculture-related information, government schemes for people's welfare, weather forecast etc
• Community radio usually is a short-range, not-for-profit radio station or channel that caters for the information needs of people living in a particular locality, in the languages and formats that are most adapted to the local context. Community radio stations can be mobilized for campaigns, for example by announcing campaign events, hosting talk shows with campaigners, or playing the campaign radio jingle and songs.
• As community radio is usually run by volunteers using low-cost technology, it tends to be easy to obtain free or inexpensive air time. It offers an opportunity for contributions by people whose voice is not much heard on national radio – e.g. “ordinary” women and youth – which can be highly empowering. Community radio reaches a large section of the locality it covers, as listeners tend to be interested in local issues. It is also an excellent way to communicate with communities whose main language is not the official national language.

The correct answer is Long distance.

Key Points

• Short wave frequencies are used for radio communication over a long distance.
• Shortwave radio is a frequency that falls between the FM and AM bands on regular radio.
• Shortwave can reach a large audience over great distances, making it an excellent choice for anyone looking to reach a large audience.
• The ionosphere reflects short waves.
• Shortwave radio is a type of radio communication that uses shortwave frequencies between 1.6 and 30 MHz (187.4 and 10.0 m), which is just above the medium wave AM broadcast range.

FM is short for frequency modulation, which refers to the means of encoding the audio signal on the carrier frequency. 

FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation. An F.M. station is the place from where broadcasting is done.

• Radio started as wireless telegraphy. And it all began with the invention of radio waves, which have the capacity to send out speech, music, picture, and all other data through the air.
• The objective of F.M. station is:
  • The prime purpose of radio is to convey information from one place to another through the intervening media (i.e., air, space, nonconducting materials) without wires.
  • Provide a platform for entertainment.
  • Act as a catalyst for integral development of individuals and society.
  • Act as a harbinger of socio economic development of the community.
  • Bring about a positive social change in the society.
  • Enhance the knowledge spectrum of the community.
  • Cater to the interaction requirements of the community it serves.

• On July 23, 1977, first-ever FM Service was inaugurated from Madras.
• In June 1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first-ever broadcast in the country. This was followed by the setting up of the Calcutta Radio Club five months later.
• The Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) came into being on July 23, 1927.

​Thus, the main objective of F.M. station in radio is entertainment, information and interaction.

The correct answer is Ionosphere.

Key Points

• The ionosphere is the ionised section of Earth's upper atmosphere, located between 48 and 965 kilometres above sea level. 
• The ionosphere contains a large number of free electrons, which might affect radio transmission. When high-frequency (HF) radio waves strike free electrons in the ionosphere, they vibrate and re-radiate the energy at the same frequency, effectively bouncing the radio wave back to Earth.
• The ionosphere protects Earth's species by absorbing dangerous UV light.
• Reflected radio waves are used in communication and navigation.

The correct answer is Ad-libbing.

Key Points

• The off-script lines that characters or anchors say in real-time are known as Ad-libbing.
• Ad-libbing refers to spontaneously improvising and delivering a speech (a speech, musical performance, etc).
  • It could be a remark, anecdote, unscripted chat, or even a short fiction that the host or anchors add at their discretion.
• Bridge - A bridge is an audio track that connects two news items.
• Anchors - News anchors are in charge of delivering stories on camera, usually from a studio location, but work can also be done in the field.

Frequency modulation (FM): 

• FM is short for frequency modulation, which refers to the means of encoding the audio signal on the carrier frequency.
• FM full power, low power, translator and booster stations operate in the 88 – 108 MHz band. 
• Radio started as wireless telegraphy. And it all began with the invention of radio waves, which have the capacity to send out speech, music, picture, and all other data through the air.
• A range of devices like radio, cordless phones, microwave TV broadcasts works with the help of electromagnetic waves. During the 1860s, James Maxwell, a Scottish physicist forecasted the presence of radio waves. 
• On July 23, 1977, first-ever FM Service was inaugurated from Madras.
• In June 1923 the Radio Club of Bombay made the first-ever broadcast in the country. This was followed by the setting up of the Calcutta Radio Club five months later. The Indian Broadcasting Company (IBC) came into being on July 23, 1927.

The correct answer is Segue.

Key Points

• Segue is a transition from one sound to another without disturbing the flow.
• Segue - The name comes from the Italian segue, which means "follows."
• Harmonics - Harmonic is an overtone that occurs at a defined interval and is created by the vibration of a string, column of air, or other objects at a fraction of its length.
• Hiss -  A harsh sibilant sound is a hiss.
• Timber - The character or quality of a musical sound or voice, as opposed to its pitch and intensity, is known as timber.

Radio and TV are more powerful and successful than the newspaper in communicating socially relevant messages because they can reach even the illiterate masses.

Mass media:

• Communicate with a large number of people
• It is designed to reach the larger part of the society
• For example, TV, radio, newspaper, etc.
• It can be two types, printed media and electronic media.

Printed media:

• Communication is done through printed materials.
• These are found in hard format
• Useful for those who are familiar with the language
• For example, Newspapers, Magazines, Booklets, Brochures, Books, Press releases, Billboards, Handbills, Flyers, Direct Mailers, Newsletters, or periodicals, House magazines
• It is the preferred medium for people who have the time and ability to read.

Electronic media:

• The users need to use an electronic connection to access it.
• This is also called broadcast media.
• Electronic media includes TV, Radio, and new age media
• They can reach even the illiterate masses
• It is a less time consuming and direct method
• Here information can be reached to a wider audience.

Thus it is clear that TV and Radio are electronic media and can reach a wider audience insted of their education and social background. But printed media can reach only those people who can read it.