Radio Test - 3

The correct answer is The Technical area

Key Points

• The main technical area of the radio station is often called a control room.
• Whatever is spoken in the studio or played from a CD player or computer is sent to this control room. All the programs are sent from here to the transmitter.
• The control room occupies an important place in the radio broadcast. It is the place, connected with all the other segments of the broadcast.
• Whatever the speaker/announcer speaks from the studio, it reaches the control room. From here they are sent to the transmitter for its onward transmission to the listeners.
• A lot of changes take place when one speaks through a microphone.
• In the control room, technical people control the whole process and immediately send these waves to the transmitter.
• The transmitter sends these sound waves to the listeners’ radio sets which convert them into sounds. There is no time gap in the whole process.
• Studio→ Control Room (CR)→ Transmitter (XTR)→ Listener

The correct answer is All of the above 

Key PointsThere are some characteristics of Radio

• Radio makes pictures: As we listen to any radio program, we are able to visualize or ‘see’ pictures in our minds of what is being described. 
• The Speed of Radio: Radio is the fastest medium. It is instant. As things happen in a studio or outside, messages can be sent or broadcast. These messages can be picked up by anyone who has a radio set or receiver which is tuned into a radio station. 
• The simplicity of Radio: Compared to all other media, radio needs very simple technology and equipment.
• Radio is inexpensive: As it is simple, it is also a cheaper medium. The cost of production is low and a small radio can be bought for as low a price as say fifty rupees.
• Radio does not need an electric power supply: we can listen to radio using dry battery cells even if we do not have an electric power supply or a generator. So in a country like ours, where electricity has not reached everywhere, radio is a great blessing.
•  A radio receiver is portable: It can move freely anywhere.

The correct answer is All of the above

Key PointsFunctionaries of a radio station is:

• Station Director: The Station Director is in charge of the radio station and is also the head of the program wing. In some stations, they are called Managers.
• Station Engineer: The Station Engineer heads the engineering wing and is responsible for all the technical work at the radio station.
• In addition, there is a group of technicians and engineers, working quietly behind the scene. They operate and maintain broadcast equipment and oversee the control room. They are responsible for the technical quality of the broadcasts.
• Program personnel: These are persons who are engaged in the planning, production, preparation, and presentation of radio programs. They are known as program executives or producers. They are part of the program broadcast process.
• Transmission staff: Persons who are responsible for a smooth and trouble-free transmission process are known as transmission executives.
• Radio Announcer: The radio announcer presents the programs and is responsible for making them interesting. The announcer has to convey feelings through his voice only. If the announcer is dull, his description will also be dull.
• Artists: In addition to the above staff, there are also music artists such as vocalists and instrumentalists who form part of the program staff. They are all eminent performers in their own fields and graded according to their experience.

The correct answer is All of the above

Key Points

India has taken giant leaps in the field of information technology and radio as a medium has taken a lead in applying information technology in its broadcasts.

Phone in program 

• In this age of technological development, phone-in is the most important format.
• This is called interactive programming where the listener and the presenter talk to each other.
• Their talk goes on air instantly
• The listener has the satisfaction that his voice is being listened to and replied to immediately. Other listeners also listen to him.
• Initially, this format was introduced for playing the listeners’ request-based film songs. Now it is being used for health-related programs, rural broadcasts, complaints against the government/ administrative machinery, etc.

Radio bridge:

• A radio bridge means connecting different stations throughout the length and breadth of the country. In this technique, for example, an expert sitting in Chennai can interact with the common man in the studio in Delhi. This format was first used by All India Radio during elections.

Radio on the internet: 

• Radio on the internet is a growing phenomenon with thousands of radio stations operating through computer modems. It is altogether a new
• format that removes the restrictions of frequency or license. It is relatively cheap to set up.
• All India Radio started its services on the internet on 1st May 1998. With this, it was possible to extend the coverage of programs to all parts of the world including the USA and Canada.

The correct answer is Radio features

Key Points

• Radio documentaries are also called Radio features.
• Unlike documentary films, radio documentaries have only sound i.e. the human voice, music, and sound effects.
• So a radio documentary is a program based on real sounds and real people and their views and experiences.
• Radio documentaries are based on facts presented in an attractive manner or dramatically.
• Radio documentaries are radio’s own creative format.
• The producer of a documentary needs to be very creative to use the human voice, script, music, and sound effects very effectively 

The correct answer is Omni-directional

Key Points

• Cordless microphones are Omni-directional
• They do not have any cables or wires attached to them. They have a small transmitter in them that can send the sounds to an amplifier.
• In the case of an Omni-directional microphone, it picks up sound from all directions.
• This type of microphone is used when a number of voices are used in a single program like a radio discussion or a radio drama.

The correct answer is Audience/Listeners

Key Points

• Basically, radio formats are decided based on the needs of the audience/listeners
• The radio station broadcasts different types of programs. We have remembered film songs, phone-in programs, talks, discussions, news, cricket commentaries, etc. These different types of programs are called formats.

A Radio format can be split into three parts: They are: 

1. Spoken Word or Human Voice
2. Music
3. Sound Effects 

Spoken Word

• Announcements: These are specifically written clear messages to inform. They can be of different types. For example station/program identification.
• Radio talk: is the oldest format on radio. There has been a tradition in India and Britain to invite experts or prominent persons to speak for 10 to 15 minutes on a
• specific topic on a Radio station. Now a day these long radio talks have become unpopular. Instead these days short duration talks are broadcast and are quite popular among listeners.
• Radio Interview: In the media industry, journalists have always been using the interview method, where they ask questions to access more information from the sources, later it has always been published/broadcast on various media platforms including Radio to make general opinions among the mass. Through various types of interview methods, it is helpful to explore information and later this information takes the shape of news. These interviews are dependent upon some
• variables which are duration, content, and purpose. 
• Radio documentaries: Radio documentaries are also known as Radio features. Radio documentaries have only sounds-i.e. the human voice, music, and sound effects. So a radio documentary is a program based on real sounds and real people and their views and experiences. 

Music

• When we say radio, the first thing that comes to our mind is music.
• India has a great heritage of music and radio India reflects that. Let us understand the different types of music.
• Classical Music
• There are 3 types of classical music in India. They are:
•  Hindustani classical
•  Carnatic classical
•  Western classical
• There are also vocal and instrumental music forms. There are also light classical music forms like Thumri and Dadra. Instrumental music forms include string (sitar, sarod, etc.) wind (like flutes, shehnai), and percussion (drum) instruments.

Sound Effect

• Let us see how sound can be used in radio formats.
• Sound can play a major role in evoking interest.
• Sound can be used for comic effects to evoke laughter
• Sound can be used to create certain moods or enhance them.

The correct answer is Two

Key PointsThe FM service of AIR has two channels.

• FM Rainbow and FM Gold.
• There are 12 FM Rainbow channels and 4 FM Gold Channels.
• The program content of these channels is mainly popular Indian and Western music, presented in a style that is highly popular with the urban youth.
• News bulletins and current affairs programs are also broadcast from these channels.
• There are also other AIR stations on the F.M. mode. There are several private FM channels that can be heard all over the country.

The correct answer is Radio jockeys(RJ)

Key Points

• Announcements have been traditionally made by people who are known as announcers.
• The commercial radio channels may call them Radio Jockeys (RJs) or anchorpersons.
• He/she hosts the show and has an on-air position in radio broadcasting.
• They read the scripts, play audio advertisements at specific intervals, talk on political and social issues, interact with and engage the listeners and callers, play music, etc.
• The radio jockey must be entertaining and appealing. He/she must speak in a style that is engaging for the listeners.

So, here are certain things that need to bear in mind as an RJ

• Punctuality: The show needs to begin on time.
• Precise and accurate: Don't have a long conversation. Be crisp and short.
• Good current affairs: This will attract more listeners.  

The correct answer is ​Homogenous

Key Points

• Community Radio is a type of radio service that caters to the interests of a limited area or a community that is homogenous.
• It broadcasts programs that are popular and relevant to the local audience.
• A community radio license is required to operate a community radio station.
• These stations are expected to produce programs as far as possible in the local language or dialect.
• Although the stress is on developmental programs, entertainment is not banned on these radio stations.
• Anna FM is India’s first campus community radio operating from Anna University in Chennai, Tamilnadu. This was launched on 1 February 2004.