Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Old traditions, new ties: On the importance of the India-Russia partnership

Old traditions, new ties: On the importance of the India-Russia partnership

Narendra Modi must try and convince Vladimir Putin to end the Ukraine war

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Moscow on Monday reaffirms (पुनः पुष्टि करना) an old tradition of holding (conduct, organize) annual summits (सम्मेलन, बैठक) between India and Russia leaders. With Russia his first choice for a bilateral (द्विपक्षीय) visit in his third tenure (कार्यकाल, पद अवधि), he also breaks (उल्लंघन करना, तोड़ना) a tradition that Indian Prime Ministers travel to neighbouring (पड़ोसी, सीमावर्ती) countries on their first stand-alone (private, separate, unconnected, independent) visits in a tenure, indicating the importance of the India-Russia partnership. The 22nd India-Russia Annual Summit has another first — the first Modi-Putin meet since the Ukraine war. The 21st summit was in Delhi in December 2021, just before Russian President Vladimir Putin launched (प्रारंभ करना, शुरू करना) “special operations” on Ukraine. Since then, the two leaders have met just once, at the SCO summit in Uzbekistan, where Mr. Modi had stated that this was not the “era of war”. Russia’s growing (बढ़ता हुआ) dependence on China as a result of (के परिणामस्वरूप) the war is also a concern for India, given (यह देखते हुए) tensions (तनाव, खिंचाव) over the LAC. While there will be a scheduled (निर्धारित, नियोजित) framework (रूपरेखा, ढांचा) of talks (dialogue, discussion, deliberation, consultation, parley, negotiation) on bilateral issues (trade and energy relationships, space cooperation for Gaganyaan, and declining but substantial (considerable, sizeable, significant, large) defence supplies), there will also be an opportunity to take stock of (to review a situation carefully, usually before making a decision; assess, analyze, weigh up, appraise, evaluate, investigate, scrutinize, look carefully at) the war in Ukraine. Apart from its impact and western sanctions (action taken, or an order given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing economic aid for that country, etc) on global security, and shortages of food, fuel and fertilizers, India has been worried about its fallout (adverse results/consequence; after-effects, repercussions) on defence deliveries and spares from Russia. While an attempt to “Make in India” has made headway (Russian assault rifles (assault weapon; It is originally built for military special operations as a fully automatic/semiautomatic weapon/firearm. (semi-automatic gun/rifle is a firearm (like AR-15, AK-47) which fires one round for each trigger pull, whereas “automatic rifle” is a firearm (such as MG-34, M16) which fires more than one cartridge with a single pull of the trigger. These firearms are often referred to as “assault weapons or rifles, based on their rapid-fire capability)) and the India-Russia BrahMos (a two-stage missile with a solid propellant booster engine as its first stage which brings it to supersonic speed and then gets separated. The liquid ramjet or the second stage then takes the missile closer to 3 Mach speed in cruise phase. The BrahMos missile, an Indo-Russian joint venture, has a range of 290 km and is the fastest cruise missile in the world with a top speed of Mach 2.8 (nearly three times the speed of sound)) missile), concerns over the reliability (dependability, trustworthiness, fidelity, faithfulness) of supplies and the payments issue will need discussion. New Delhi’s concern over Indian recruitments by the Russian army is another issue, officials indicate.

Above all (mainly, primarily, most importantly, especially, in essence), Mr. Modi’s visit sends a geopolitical (relating to (the study of) the geographical factors (a country’s position on the earth, size, climate, and natural resources &, etc.) in world politics and inter-state relations) message given the contrast (difference, distinction, contradiction, opposition, disparity, dissimilarity; opposite) to another summit in Washington. On Tuesday, U.S. President Joseph Biden will welcome leaders of NATO countries for the transatlantic grouping’s 75th anniversary. With Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Indo-Pacific leaders who are part of the western sanctions present, it will be a show of strength supposed to demonstrate Russia’s “isolation (separation, remoteness, loneliness)”. Mr. Modi has attempted a balance with his presence at the G-7 summit outreach (the level of reaching out/activity/effort; involvement) in Italy last month and meeting Mr. Zelenskyy, and later sending an official delegation (delegates, (diplomatic) mission, representatives, deputation, envoys, emissaries, group) to the Peace Conference in Switzerland. The government has also shown its enduring (lasting, long-lasting, continuing; long-standing) commitment (dedication, adherence, obligation, responsibility, onus, liability, accountability) to traditional ties with Russia that stem from (originate from, come from, be rooted in, emanate from, flow from, proceed from, result from, be consequent on) the 1971 Soviet Union Peace and Friendship treaty (agreement, deal, settlement, protocol, convention, contract), by refusing to condemn (denounce, criticize, censure, castigate, hit out at, discredit, find fault with, slam) the war at the UN and other multilateral (involving many different countries) forums (meeting, conference, council, convention), while continuing to engage with (establish a significant connection with) Russia bilaterally and at groupings such as the SCO, BRICS and the G-20 (The G20, formed in 1999, is a group of twenty of the world’s largest economies that meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues. It brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK and USA. The G20 Countries together represent around 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population). All eyes during Mr. Modi’s visit will then be on how he uses India’s particular multi-polar (having many extremities), unaligned (neutral, non-participating, impartial, unbiased, non-partisan, fair-minded, even-handed) perch (precarious position, uncertain position, risky position (perch- sitting on tip/edge of something)) to further (hasten, accelerate, push, expedite, step up, speed up, facilitate) the cause of “dialogue and diplomacy” and help hasten (accelerate, speed up, expedite, quicken, precipitate, make faster) an end to the conflict (war, warfare, armed conflict, military action, armed clash) that has divided the world.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.ties (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संबंध, रिश्ता
English Meaning - association, relationship, bond, connection.

2.reaffirm (verb)

Hindi Meaning - पुनः पुष्टि करना
English Meaning - state something again strongly.

3.framework (noun)

Hindi Meaning - रूपरेखा, ढांचा
English Meaning - structure, system, composition, scheme.

4.summit (noun)

Hindi Meaning - सम्मेलन, बैठक
English Meaning - meeting, conference, conclave (international meeting/conference of heads of state/government).

5.bilateral (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - द्विपक्षीय
English Meaning - involving two groups or countries.

6.tenure (noun)

Hindi Meaning - कार्यकाल, पद अवधि
English Meaning - term, period of/in office; period, time, stint, spell.

7.break (verb)

Hindi Meaning - उल्लंघन करना, तोड़ना
English Meaning - fail to observe, fail to comply with, defy, breach, violate, ignore, disobey, disregard.

8.neighbouring (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - पड़ोसी, सीमावर्ती
English Meaning - adjacent, bordering, abutting, surrounding; nearby.

9.launch (verb)

Hindi Meaning - प्रारंभ करना, शुरू करना
English Meaning - start, begin, initiate, usher in, embark on.

10.growing (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - बढ़ता हुआ
English Meaning - increasing.

11.as a result of (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - के परिणामस्वरूप
English Meaning - because of something.

12.given (preposition)

Hindi Meaning - यह देखते हुए
English Meaning - considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.

13.tensions (noun)

Hindi Meaning - तनाव, खिंचाव
English Meaning - strained relations, strain, unease.

14.Line of Actual Control (LAC) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - वास्तविक नियंत्रण रेखा
English Meaning - the de-facto (effective) border between India and China. The LAC is a 4,057-km border running through three areas-Western (Ladakh, Ladakh (Kashmir)), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal).

15.scheduled (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - निर्धारित, नियोजित
English Meaning - planned (in accordance with a schedule); expected, awaited, anticipated

16.hold (verb)

English Meaning - conduct, organize.

17.stand-alone (adjective)

English Meaning - private, separate, unconnected, independent.

18.Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) (noun)

English Meaning - The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a permanent intergovernmental international organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai (China). The SCO currently comprises eight Member States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) and is seen as a counterweight to NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization). It was established as a multilateral association to ensure security and maintain stability across the vast Eurasian region, join forces to counteract emerging challenges and threats, and enhance trade, as well as cultural and humanitarian cooperation.

19.talks (noun)

English Meaning - dialogue, discussion, deliberation, consultation, parley, negotiation.

20.Gaganyaan mission (noun)

English Meaning - ISRO’s human spaceflight programme which will carry humans to space. The objective of Gaganyaan is to carry a crew of three to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), perform a set of predefined activities in space, and return them safely to a predefined destination on earth.

21.substantial (adjective)

English Meaning - considerable, sizeable, significant, large.

22.take stock of (phrase)

English Meaning - to review a situation carefully, usually before making a decision; assess, analyze, weigh up, appraise, evaluate, investigate, scrutinize, look carefully at.

23.sanctions (noun)

English Meaning - action taken, or an order given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with that country, by not allowing economic aid for that country, etc.

24.fallout (noun)

English Meaning - adverse results/consequence; after-effects, repercussions.

25.make headway (phrase)

English Meaning - make progress, advance, proceed, get ahead.

26.assault rifle (noun)

English Meaning - assault weapon; It is originally built for military special operations as a fully automatic/semiautomatic weapon/firearm. (semi-automatic gun/rifle is a firearm (like AR-15, AK-47) which fires one round for each trigger pull, whereas “automatic rifle” is a firearm (such as MG-34, M16) which fires more than one cartridge with a single pull of the trigger. These firearms are often referred to as “assault weapons or rifles, based on their rapid-fire capability).

27.BrahMos (noun)

English Meaning - a two-stage missile with a solid propellant booster engine as its first stage which brings it to supersonic speed and then gets separated. The liquid ramjet or the second stage then takes the missile closer to 3 Mach speed in cruise phase. The BrahMos missile, an Indo-Russian joint venture, has a range of 290 km and is the fastest cruise missile in the world with a top speed of Mach 2.8 (nearly three times the speed of sound)

28.missile (noun)

English Meaning - a self-propelled/rocket-propelled weapon designed to deliver a conventional/nuclear explosive warhead with great accuracy at high speed; projectile

29.reliability (noun)

English Meaning - dependability, trustworthiness, fidelity, faithfulness.

30.above all (phrase)

English Meaning - mainly, primarily, most importantly, especially, in essence.

31.geopolitical (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to (the study of) the geographical factors (a country’s position on the earth, size, climate, and natural resources &, etc.) in world politics and inter-state relations.

32.contrast (noun)

English Meaning - difference, distinction, contradiction, opposition, disparity, dissimilarity; opposite.

33.North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (noun)

English Meaning - NATO was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union.

34.trans-Atlantic (adjective)

English Meaning - concerning/relating to countries on both sides of the Atlantic.

35.The Indo-Pacific (region) (noun)

English Meaning - the Indo-Pacific region refers to the confluence (convergence) of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, which interconnect in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and more).

36.isolation (noun)

English Meaning - separation, remoteness, loneliness.

37.G-7 or Group of Seven (noun)

English Meaning - a multilateral forum made up of the world’s seven largest so-called developed countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. They meet annually to discuss and exchange ideas on a broad range of issues, including global economy, security and energy.

38.outreach (noun)

English Meaning - the level of reaching out/activity/effort; involvement.

39.delegation (noun)

English Meaning - delegates, (diplomatic) mission, representatives, deputation, envoys, emissaries, group.

40.Peace Conference OR the Summit on Peace in Ukraine (noun)

English Meaning - An international peace summit in relation to the Russo-Ukrainian War, formally called the Summit on Peace in Ukraine, was held in Bürgenstock Resort in Switzerland on 15–16 June 2024.

41.enduring (adjective)

English Meaning - lasting, long-lasting, continuing; long-standing.

42.commitment (noun)

English Meaning - dedication, adherence, obligation, responsibility, onus, liability, accountability.

43.stem from (verb)

English Meaning - originate from, come from, be rooted in, emanate from, flow from, proceed from, result from, be consequent on.

44.the Soviet Union (noun)

English Meaning - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (also known as the USSR or the Soviet Union) consisted of Russia and 14 surrounding countries. The USSR’s territory stretched from the Baltic states in Eastern Europe to the Pacific Ocean, including the majority of northern Asia and portions of central Asia.

45.Soviet Union Peace and Friendship treaty (or) Indo-Soviet Treaty, 1971 (noun)

English Meaning - The Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was a treaty signed between India and the Soviet Union in August 1971 that specified mutual strategic cooperation. It had a direct impact on the decisive battle between India and Pakistan in the eastern war theatre. The treaty expedited the Bangladesh War of Independence. The treaty was a significant deviation from India’s previous position of non-alignment in the Cold War and the prelude to the Bangladesh war. The Indo-Soviet treaty was later adopted as the India-Bangladesh Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation in 1972.

46.treaty (noun)

English Meaning - agreement, deal, settlement, protocol, convention, contract.

47.condemn (verb)

English Meaning - denounce, criticize, censure, castigate, hit out at, discredit, find fault with, slam.

48.multilateral (adjective)

English Meaning - involving many different countries.

49.forum (noun)

English Meaning - meeting, conference, council, convention.

50.engage with (verb)

English Meaning - establish a significant connection with.

51.BRICS countries (plural noun)

English Meaning - the acronym coined to associate five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The BRICS members are known for their significant influence on regional affairs.

52.G-20 (noun)

English Meaning - The G20, formed in 1999, is a group of twenty of the world’s largest economies that meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues. It brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK and USA. The G20 Countries together represent around 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population.

53.all eyes are on something (phrase)

English Meaning - it means that everyone is paying careful attention to something and wait for what will happen.

54.multi-polar (adjective)

English Meaning - having many extremities.

55.unaligned (adjective)

English Meaning - neutral, non-participating, impartial, unbiased, non-partisan, fair-minded, even-handed,.

56.perch (noun)

English Meaning - precarious position, uncertain position, risky position (perch- sitting on tip/edge of something).

57.further (verb)

English Meaning - hasten, accelerate, push, expedite, step up, speed up, facilitate.

58.diplomacy (noun)

English Meaning - international politics, foreign affairs, foreign policy; negotiations, discussions, talks, dialogue (related to international politics).

59.hasten (verb)

English Meaning - accelerate, speed up, expedite, quicken, precipitate, make faster.

60.conflict (noun)

English Meaning - war, warfare, armed conflict, military action, armed clash.