Hindi English Translation || Editorial || ​Rogue state: On Israel’s conflict with Hezbollah

​Rogue state: On Israel’s conflict with Hezbollah

Israel is choosing war over peace, escalation (वृद्धि, तीव्रता) over compromise (समझौता)

First the pagers exploded (विस्फोट होना, फट जाना). Then came the walkie-talkies. And then, Israel launched a massive bombardment (बमबारी, गोलेबारी) campaign (अभियान, सशस्त्र कार्रवाई) targeting Hezbollah, the powerful Iran-backed Lebanese-Shia militant (उग्रवादी) group. As it appears, the pager and walkie-talkie explosions (विस्फोट) were a part of Israel’s coordinated strategy (रणनीति, कार्य योजना) aimed at weakening Hezbollah in their slow-burning (धीमी गति) war since October 7, 2023. When Israel launched its Gaza invasion (आक्रमण, हमला, धावा) after Hamas’s (Hamas is an Islamist militant group based in Gaza) attack a year ago, Hezbollah began firing rockets into Israel “in solidarity (एकजुटता) with the Palestinians”. While both sides exchanged fire, they were wary (सतर्क) of not letting the tensions (strained relations, strain, unease) spiral (get worse, worsen, deteriorate, decline) into an all-out (intense, aggressive, vigorous, powerful) war. But that caution was abandoned when Israel killed Fuad Shukr, a senior Hezbollah (Hezbollah is a Shiite Muslim political party and militant group based in Lebanon, where its extensive security apparatus, political organization, and social services network have fostered its reputation as “a state within a state.” Founded in the chaos of the fifteen-year Lebanese Civil War, the Iran-backed group is driven by its opposition to Israel and its resistance to Western influence in the Middle East) commander, in an air strike (air attack) on Beirut on July 31. Israel’s large-scale air strikes, especially in southern Lebanon, a Hezbollah stronghold (fort, fortress, bulwark, mainstay, support), saw the militia (armed forces, military unit, insurgent, rebel (that involves in rebel/terrorist activities against the main/regular forces)) group firing hundreds of rockets into Israel. The war in the north has forced about 70,000 Israelis out of their homes. Earlier this month, Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that enabling the displaced (relating to an act of forcing someone to leave his/her home, usually due to war, persecution, or natural disaster) residents to return to their homes in the northern Upper Galilee region was one of the objectives of the ongoing (in progress, under way, going on, continuing, happening, current) war. Then came the pager explosions and the subsequent (following, resulting, resultant, eventual, sequential, ensuing) air strikes.

According to Lebanese authorities (bureaucracy, officials, officialdom, the people in charge, the administration, the establishment, the system, corridors of power), at least 575 people, including women and children, were killed in Israel’s air strikes in just two days. In retaliation (revenge, vengeance, counter-attack), Hezbollah fired more projectiles, including a ballistic missile (a self-propelled/rocket-propelled weapon designed to deliver a conventional/nuclear explosive warhead with great accuracy at high speed; projectile) on Wednesday (September 25, 2024) towards Tel Aviv (a city on Israel’s Mediterranean coast. (Jerusalem is the capital city of both Israel and Palestine, under their laws. Most other countries disagree. Most countries have their embassies with Israel in Tel Aviv)). The conflict (संघर्ष) is now in an escalatory (increasing, intensifying, worsening (rapidly)) spiral (the process of deterioration, decline, decrease) and what is to be seen is whether Israel would launch a ground invasion. In 1978, Israel invaded (attack, assault, occupy, conquer, capture, take, take over, take possession of) Lebanon with the aim of pushing out Palestinian guerrillas (rebel, rioter, subversive, insurgent) north of the Litani river. The operation was unsuccessful. In 1982, its invasion — this time, the goal was to push the PLO out of Lebanon — managed to force the PLO to relocate from Lebanon, but the war led to the creation of Hezbollah. In 2000, after 18 years of Hezbollah’s resistance (opposition, objection, dissent, criticism, defiance, obstruction, disapproval, dislike), Israel withdrew, leaving a buffer it had carved out (create, establish, take out (something with effort)) on the border in the hands of (under the authority/control of) Hezbollah. In 2006, after a Hezbollah cross-border (across a border between two states/countries) raid (surprise attack, assault, invasion, offensive, incursion, foray), Israel launched another invasion, but after 30 days of fighting, withdrew as part of a ceasefire (a negotiated agreement that will be accompanied by other associated commitments to de-escalate the fighting; a temporary stoppage of a war, truce, armistice) agreement with Hezbollah. If the past is any indication, Israel is making another mistake in Lebanon. A ceasefire in Gaza, which has been overwhelmingly (with a great majority; to a very great degree) demanded by the international community, would have quietened (silence, stop, make quiet; lessen, reduce, mitigate) the northern border. Instead, Mr. Netanyahu, whose troops (armed forces, forces, soldiers) have killed over 40,000 Palestinians in 11 months in Gaza, has chosen to escalate (increase, intensify, accelerate, heighten, make more serious) the war with Hezbollah, killing hundreds more and pushing West Asia to the brink (edge/verge/end (of something)) of an all-out war. This bellicosity (aggression, hostility, aggressiveness, belligerence, combativeness, attack/offence, invasion), callousness (ferocity, ruthlessness, cruelty, inhumanity) and total disregard (indifference, negligence, heedlessness, inattention, lack of attention) for international law (International law defines the legal responsibilities of States in their conduct with each other, and their treatment of individuals within State boundaries. International law’s domain encompasses a wide range of issues of international concern, such as human rights, disarmament, international crime, refugees, migration, problems of nationality, the treatment of prisoners, the use of force, and the conduct of war, among others. International law also regulates the global commons, such as the environment and sustainable development, international waters, outer space, global communications and world trade) and norms (standard, convention, regulation) all bear (have, carry, display, show) the hallmarks (distinctive feature, characteristic, trait, attribute, quality) of a rogue state. A rogue state with impunity (exemption from punishment, freedom from punishment, immunity, indemnity, non-liability).

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.rogue (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दुष्ट, धोखेबाज़
English Meaning - unprincipled, dishonest, untrustworthy, scoundrel, unscrupulous, terror (person, organization, or country).

2.state (noun)

Hindi Meaning - राज्य, देश
English Meaning - country.

3.conflict (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संघर्ष
English Meaning - war, warfare, armed conflict, military action, armed clash.

4.escalation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - वृद्धि, तीव्रता
English Meaning - intensification, aggravation, exacerbation.

5.compromise (noun)

Hindi Meaning - समझौता
English Meaning - agreement, understanding, settlement, middle ground, deal.

6.explode (verb)

Hindi Meaning - विस्फोट होना, फट जाना
English Meaning - burst violently, blow up, blow, go off.

7.bombardment (noun)

Hindi Meaning - बमबारी, गोलेबारी
English Meaning - bombing, shelling (continuous attack).

8.campaign (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अभियान, सशस्त्र कार्रवाई
English Meaning - attack, offensive, military operation(s), engagement, manoeuvre (s).

9.militant (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - उग्रवादी
English Meaning - radical, fanatic, extremist, fundamentalist, sectarian, partisan.

10.explosion (noun)

Hindi Meaning - विस्फोट
English Meaning - blast, detonation, discharge, eruption, ignition, bowing up.

11.strategy (noun)

Hindi Meaning - रणनीति, कार्य योजना
English Meaning - plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, and security interests).

12.slow-burning (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - धीमी गति
English Meaning - slow-paced.

13.invasion (noun)

Hindi Meaning - आक्रमण, हमला, धावा
English Meaning - attack, offensive, onslaught, incursion, assault.

14.solidarity (noun)

Hindi Meaning - एकजुटता
English Meaning - unity, unanimity, harmony, cohesion, cooperation.

15.wary (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - सतर्क
English Meaning - aware of, conscious of, alert to, awake to, acquainted with, heedful of, watchful of, careful of, mindful of.

16.Hezbollah (noun)

English Meaning - Hezbollah is a Shiite Muslim political party and militant group based in Lebanon, where its extensive security apparatus, political organization, and social services network have fostered its reputation as “a state within a state.” Founded in the chaos of the fifteen-year Lebanese Civil War, the Iran-backed group is driven by its opposition to Israel and its resistance to Western influence in the Middle East.

17.Gaza (noun)

English Meaning - a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip. Gaza Strip is a self-governing Palestinian territory surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, Israel and Egypt.

18.Hamas (noun)

English Meaning - Hamas is an Islamist militant group based in Gaza.

19.exchange fire (phrase)

English Meaning - shoot at each other.

20.tensions (noun)

English Meaning - strained relations, strain, unease.

21.spiral (verb)

English Meaning - get worse, worsen, deteriorate, decline.

22.all-out (adjective)

English Meaning - intense, aggressive, vigorous, powerful.

23.air strike (noun)

English Meaning - air attack.

24.stronghold (noun)

English Meaning - fort, fortress, bulwark, mainstay, support.

25.militia (noun)

English Meaning - armed forces, military unit, insurgent, rebel (that involves in rebel/terrorist activities against the main/regular forces).

26.displaced (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to an act of forcing someone to leave his/her home, usually due to war, persecution, or natural disaster.

27.ongoing (adjective)

English Meaning - in progress, under way, going on, continuing, happening, current.

28.subsequent (adjective)

English Meaning - following, resulting, resultant, eventual, sequential, ensuing.

29.authorities (noun)

English Meaning - bureaucracy, officials, officialdom, the people in charge, the administration, the establishment, the system, corridors of power.

30.retaliation (noun)

English Meaning - revenge, vengeance, counter-attack.

31.missile (noun)

English Meaning - a self-propelled/rocket-propelled weapon designed to deliver a conventional/nuclear explosive warhead with great accuracy at high speed; projectile.

32.ballistic missile (noun)

English Meaning - a missile, which is shot from the ground, takes a long distance to travel well outside the atmosphere and falls to the earth to explode on its target (due to the gravity).

33.cruise missile (noun)

English Meaning - it is a guided missile that flies with constant speed to deliver a warhead at specified target over long distance with high accuracy.

34.Tel Aviv (proper noun)

English Meaning - a city on Israel’s Mediterranean coast. (Jerusalem is the capital city of both Israel and Palestine, under their laws. Most other countries disagree. Most countries have their embassies with Israel in Tel Aviv).

35.escalatory (adjective)

English Meaning - increasing, intensifying, worsening (rapidly).

36.spiral (noun)

English Meaning - the process of deterioration, decline, decrease.

37.invade (verb)

English Meaning - attack, assault, occupy, conquer, capture, take, take over, take possession of.

38.push out (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - to make someone leave a place.

39.guerrilla (noun)

English Meaning - rebel, rioter, subversive, insurgent.

40.Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (noun)

English Meaning - It was founded in 1964 with the purpose of liberating Palestine, achieving Palestinian self-determination, and securing the return of the refugees.

41.led to past & past participle of lead to (verb)

English Meaning - result in, cause, bring on, bring about, give rise to.

42.resistance (noun)

English Meaning - opposition, objection, dissent, criticism, defiance, obstruction, disapproval, dislike.

43.buffer zone (noun)

English Meaning - neutral area, neutral territory.

44.carve out (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - create, establish, take out (something with effort).

45.in the hands of (noun)

English Meaning - under the authority/control of.

46.cross-border (adjective)

English Meaning - across a border between two states/countries.

47.raid (noun)

English Meaning - surprise attack, assault, invasion, offensive, incursion, foray.

48.ceasefire (noun)

English Meaning - a negotiated agreement that will be accompanied by other associated commitments to de-escalate the fighting; a temporary stoppage of a war, truce, armistice.

49.overwhelmingly (adverb)

English Meaning - with a great majority; to a very great degree.

50.quieten (verb)

English Meaning - silence, stop, make quiet; lessen, reduce, mitigate.

51.troops (noun)

English Meaning - armed forces, forces, soldiers.

52.escalate (verb)

English Meaning - increase, intensify, accelerate, heighten, make more serious.

53.brink (noun)

English Meaning - edge/verge/end (of something).

54.bellicosity (noun)

English Meaning - aggression, hostility, aggressiveness, belligerence, combativeness, attack/offence, invasion.

55.callousness (noun)

English Meaning - ferocity, ruthlessness, cruelty, inhumanity.

56.disregard (noun)

English Meaning - indifference, negligence, heedlessness, inattention, lack of attention.

57.international law (noun)

English Meaning - International law defines the legal responsibilities of States in their conduct with each other, and their treatment of individuals within State boundaries. International law’s domain encompasses a wide range of issues of international concern, such as human rights, disarmament, international crime, refugees, migration, problems of nationality, the treatment of prisoners, the use of force, and the conduct of war, among others. International law also regulates the global commons, such as the environment and sustainable development, international waters, outer space, global communications and world trade.

58.norm (noun)

English Meaning - standard, convention, regulation.

59.bear (verb)

English Meaning - have, carry, display, show.

60.hallmark (noun)

English Meaning - distinctive feature, characteristic, trait, attribute, quality.

61.impunity (noun)

English Meaning - exemption from punishment, freedom from punishment, immunity, indemnity, non-liability.