Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Second moonshot: on the Chandrayaan-3 mission on July 14

Second moonshot: on the Chandrayaan-3 mission on July 14

Chandrayaan 3 speaks to the moon’s growing importance in scientific and political milieus

At 2.35 p.m. Indian Standard Time on July 14, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) (भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन) plans to launch the Chandrayaan-3 mission to the moon onboard (on or in a spacecraft/aircraft or other vehicle) a Launch Vehicle Mark 3 from Sriharikota. Chandrayaan-3 is largely (काफी हद तक) a replica (प्रतिकृति) of its predecessor (पूर्वज), Chandrayaan-2, that was launched in July 2019 in the form of an orbiter (a spacecraft designed to go into orbit of a planet or other celestial body without landing on its surface) and a lander (‘Vikram’) bearing (carry something; bring, take) a rover (‘Pragyan’). While the orbiter entered into orbit around the moon, the surface mission failed in September when the lander crashed instead of executing a slow descent. ISRO later identified a problem in the guidance software and unexpected dispersion (फैलाव, प्रचार) in the propulsion (प्रणोदन) system during certain phases of the descent. In Chandrayaan-3, the rocket will place the payload (it can be a satellite, space probe, or spacecraft carrying instruments and others which are (not fuels) used for a rocket’s operation) in an elliptical orbit (अंडाकार कक्षा) around the earth, where a propulsion module will take over (क़ब्ज़ा कर लेना) and pilot (direct, steer, lead, guide, operate) the lander to a circular orbit around the moon. Finally, the lander will detach and begin a series of manoeuvres (activity, plan, operation (carefully planned)) culminating (end with, finish with, terminate with, conclude with, come to an end with) in a gradual landing (on August 23-24 this year) over the surface. To improve the chances of success at this stage, ISRO has strengthened the lander’s legs, lowered its minimum thrust (force, propulsion, impetus, impulse, impulsion, push), enhanced the availability of power, and upgraded the landing sequence (the order in which spacecraft/aircraft are positioned for landing).

This will be India’s second attempt to soft-land ((of a spacecraft) to land on the moon or a planet without any damage/destruction incurred to the vehicle) a lander and rover on the lunar (it refers to the Moon) surface, and demonstrate end-to-end capability (क्षमता, योग्यता) in the relevant technologies. Soft-landing on the moon is a complicated exercise and the possibility of failure exists, even if it may be lower — yet there is good reason to focus on the consequences (परिणाम, नतीजा) of a complete success. The mission will play out (happen, occur, take place, transpire) with India’s decision to join the Artemis Accords (समझौता, संधि) in the backdrop (पृष्ठभूमि); in this group, if the mission succeeds, the country will be just the second to have soft-landed a rover (a space exploration vehicle designed to move and explore the surface of a planet or moon. A rover is mobile, and has wheels with which it can move) on the moon. The importance of this feat (achievement, accomplishment, attainment, master stroke) cannot be overstated (exaggerate, overemphasize, amplify): a slew (a large number of, lot, range) of public and private moon-landing missions is in the works (कार्यों में) worldwide as the establishment (स्थापना) of permanent bases on the natural satellite has emerged as a major geopolitical (relating to (the study of) the geographical factors (a country’s position on the earth, size, climate, and natural resources &, etc.) in world politics and inter-state relations) goal. The Accords define the U.S.-led axis (alliance, coalition, bloc, league, union) while China and Russia are working on an ‘International Lunar Research Station’. The success of Chandrayaan-3 will also make it the surface mission closest to the lunar south pole to date (up to the present time, until now), a region of the moon that has been found to be geologically (in a way that is connected with geology (the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them)) unique and host to spots in permanent shadow. To study these and other features, the mission has six scientific payloads. A seventh instrument, on the propulsion module, will profile (outline, depict, describe; shape or represent (something)) the signs of life on earth to help scientists look for similar signs on planets beyond the solar system. Taken together, Chandrayaan-3 offers opportunities for India to lead the world’s response to the moon’s growing importance in the scientific and the political milieus (situation, environment, background, backdrop, scenario).

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन
English Meaning - Indian Space Research Organisation, formed in 1969, superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR). Vikram Sarabhai, having identified the role and importance of space technology in a Nation’s development, provided ISRO with the necessary direction to function as an agent of development. ISRO then embarked on its mission to provide the Nation space-based services and to develop the technologies to achieve the same independently.

2.largely (adverb)

Hindi Meaning - काफी हद तक
English Meaning - mostly, mainly, generally.

3.replica (noun)

Hindi Meaning - प्रतिकृति
English Meaning - an exact copy/model of something; replication, reproduction.

4.predecessor (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पूर्वज
English Meaning - (of a machine/vehicle) previous model.

5.dispersion (noun)

Hindi Meaning - फैलाव, प्रचार
English Meaning - it is a measure for the deviation of the rocket’s trajectory from the trajectory of some standard rocket, called nominal trajectory. For a rocket, dispersion arises from three different sources: events that occur at launching, events during burning after launching, and events after burning. For rockets, most of the dispersion arises during the burning period after launching.

6.propulsion (noun)

Hindi Meaning - प्रणोदन
English Meaning - it means to push forward or drive an object forward. A propulsion system is a machine that produces thrust to push an object forward.

7.elliptical orbit (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अंडाकार कक्षा
English Meaning - an elliptical orbit is the revolving of one object around another in an oval-shaped path called an ellipse. An elliptical orbit is defined by its long and short axes.

8.take over (phrasal verb)

Hindi Meaning - क़ब्ज़ा कर लेना
English Meaning - assume control of, take control of, assume responsibility for.

9.end to end (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - शुरू से अंत तक
English Meaning - relating to a process that takes a system or service from beginning to end and delivers a complete functional solution.

10.capability (noun)

Hindi Meaning - क्षमता, योग्यता
English Meaning - ability, capacity, potentiality, competence.

11.consequence (noun)

Hindi Meaning - परिणाम, नतीजा
English Meaning - result, outcome, aftermath, repercussion, ramification.

12.accord (noun)

Hindi Meaning - समझौता, संधि
English Meaning - pact, agreement, treaty, compact.

13.backdrop (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पृष्ठभूमि
English Meaning - situation, scenario, context.

14.in the works (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - कार्यों में
English Meaning - being planned; under development; in progress.

15.establishment (noun)

Hindi Meaning - स्थापना
English Meaning - setting up, formation, creation, foundation.

16.moonshot (adjective)

English Meaning - it is literally an act of launching a spacecraft to the moon. (It’s figuratively used to signify a big, ambitious project which is very challenging/tough to achieve; a lofty goal).

17.Chandrayaan-3 (noun)

English Meaning - Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), after Chandrayaan-1 (launched on October 22, 2008) & Chandrayaan-2 (launched on 22 July 2019). Chandrayaan-3 is to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It consists of Lander and Rover configuration. It will be launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota on July 14, 2023. The Chandrayaan-3 will reach the lunar orbit almost a month after its launch, and its lander, Vikram, and rover, Pragyaan, are likely to land on the Moon on August 23. Notably, the landing site of the latest mission is more or less the same as the Chandrayaan-2: near the south pole of the moon at 70 degrees latitude.

18.onboard (adjective)

English Meaning - on or in a spacecraft/aircraft or other vehicle.

19.Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3) (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III) (noun)

English Meaning - LVM3 is the new heavy lift launch vehicle of ISRO for achieving a 4000 kg spacecraft launching capability to GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit). LVM3 is configured as a three stage vehicle with two solid strap-on motors (S200), one liquid core stage (L110) and a high thrust cryogenic upper stage (C25). The overall length of the vehicle is 43.5 m with a gross lift-off weight of 640 tonnes and a 5m-diameter payload fairing.

20.orbiter (noun)

English Meaning - a spacecraft designed to go into orbit of a planet or other celestial body without landing on its surface.

21.lander (Vikram) (noun)

English Meaning - a spacecraft designed to land on the surface of a planet/moon. A lander is immobile, and maintains its fixed position once it has landed.

22.rover (Pragyan) (noun)

English Meaning - a space exploration vehicle designed to move and explore the surface of a planet or moon. A rover is mobile, and has wheels with which it can move.

23.bear (verb)

English Meaning - carry something; bring, take.

24.execute (verb)

English Meaning - perform, carry out, achieve, acoomplish.

25.descent (noun)

English Meaning - an act of moving downwards; going down, coming down.

26.payload (noun)

English Meaning - it can be a satellite, space probe, or spacecraft carrying instruments and others which are (not fuels) used for a rocket’s operation.

27.elliptical (adjective)

English Meaning - oval-shaped, egg-shaped.

28.low-earth orbit (LEO) /circular orbit (noun)

English Meaning - an object circles around the earth at lower altitudes (of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) or less). A circular orbit is defined by its radius.

29.pilot (verb)

English Meaning - direct, steer, lead, guide, operate.

30.manoeuvre (noun)

English Meaning - activity, plan, operation (carefully planned).

31.culminate (verb)

English Meaning - end with, finish with, terminate with, conclude with, come to an end with.

32.thrust (noun)

English Meaning - force, propulsion, impetus, impulse, impulsion, push.

33.landing sequence (noun)

English Meaning - the order in which spacecraft/aircraft are positioned for landing.

34.soft-landing (noun)

English Meaning - a landing by a spacecraft on the moon or a planet without any damage/destruction incurred to the vehicle.

35.soft-land (verb)

English Meaning - (of a spacecraft) to land on the moon or a planet without any damage/destruction incurred to the vehicle.

36.lunar (adjective)

English Meaning - it refers to the Moon.

37.play out (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - happen, occur, take place, transpire.

38.Artemis Accords (noun)

English Meaning - NASA, in coordination with the U.S. Department of State, established the Artemis Accords in 2020 together with seven other founding member nations. The purpose of these Accords is to establish a common vision via a practical set of principles, guidelines, and best practices to enhance the governance of the civil exploration and use of outer space with the intention of advancing the Artemis Program.

39.feat (noun)

English Meaning - achievement, accomplishment, attainment, master stroke.

40.overstate (verb)

English Meaning - exaggerate, overemphasize, amplify.

41.slew (noun)

English Meaning - a large number of, lot, range.

42.geopolitical (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to (the study of) the geographical factors (a country’s position on the earth, size, climate, and natural resources &, etc.) in world politics and inter-state relations.

43.axis (noun)

English Meaning - alliance, coalition, bloc, league, union.

44.The International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) (noun)

English Meaning - it is a planned lunar base currently being led by Roscosmos (Russian Space Agency (RSA)) and the China National Space Administration (CNSA).

45.to date (phrase)

English Meaning - up to the present time, until now.

46.geologically (adverb)

English Meaning - ​in a way that is connected with geology (the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them).

47.profile (verb)

English Meaning - outline, depict, describe; shape or represent (something).

48.milieu (noun)

English Meaning - situation, environment, background, backdrop, scenario.