Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Warming warning: On the World Meteorological Organization projections for temperature trends

Warming warning: On the World Meteorological Organization projections for temperature trends

India must invest in infrastructure (आधारभूत संरचना) that boosts defence (रक्षा) against disasters

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (विश्व मौसम विज्ञान संगठन) has issued its annual update on its projections (अनुमान, भविष्यवाणी) for temperature trends in the next decade (दशक). The prognosis, expectedly, is worrying. The annual mean global near-surface temperature for each year between 2023 and 2027 is likely to be 1.1°-1.8°C higher than the average from 1850-1900. There is a 66% chance that the global near-surface temperature will exceed 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels (पूर्व-औद्योगिक स्तर), in at least one year before 2027 though it is unlikely (असम्भव) that the five-year mean will exceed this threshold (सीमा). The 1.5°C threshold, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts) has repeatedly said, is one that is best left unbreached (अप्रतिबंधित) to avoid the disastrous consequences (परिणाम) of global warming (it is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels). While world leaders at climate summits (meeting, conference, conclave (of heads of government/state)) are in agreement, few of their actions are consistent with keeping temperature-rise within this rubicon (critical point, decisive point, turning ), with current climate policies poised (get into position, be ready, be prepared to do something) to heat the globe beyond 2°C by the end of the century.

At least one of the years, the WMO adds, from 2023 to 2027 will be the hottest on record (state it publicly) — exceeding the 14.84°C reported in 2016 (it was about 0.07°C warmer than the previous record set in 2015). The five-year mean for 2023-2027 was very likely to be higher than that in the last five years (2018-2022). The oceans too are on fire. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is likely to be positive in December to February 2023-24, meaning that the Central Equatorial (near the equator; tropical; relating to the region of the Earth near to the equator and between the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere) Pacific Ocean is likely to be at least half a degree, more likely over a degree above what is normal. India is bracing for this El Niño during the monsoon, with the India Meteorological Department (भारत मौसम विज्ञान विभाग) already indicating that monsoon rainfall will be on the lower side of ‘normal’. The El Niño “will combine with human-induced (मानव प्रेरित) climate change (जलवायु परिवर्तन) to push global temperatures into uncharted (unexplored, unknown, unfamiliar, strange) territory”, WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas said in a press statement in the context (पृष्ठभूमि, परिस्थितियाँ) of the update. Hotter oceans also mean stronger cyclones. Cyclone Mocha (was a powerful and deadly tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean which hit the coastlines of Bangladesh and Myanmar in May 2023), which barrelled through Myanmar this week and claimed (take, cause the loss of) at least 60 lives and wrought ((old) past and past participle o) severe damage, ended up being stronger than what was initially estimated. The WMO update does not have specific inputs for India; however, the overall trend in indicators suggests that India, dependent as it is on rain-fed agriculture and with its long coastline, will be severely tested due to changes in the global climate. India’s abilities at forecasting cyclones and weather anomalies (something that is different, abnormal or unusual from what normally/usually happens; oddity, abnormality, peculiarity, aberration, eccentricity, exception, deviation, divergence, departure) have improved but developing resilience (the ability to bounce back quickly from difficulties; strength of character, strength, toughness, buoyancy, adaptability) is far more (much more) challenging. Greater investments in bolstering (strengthen, support, make stronger, reinforce, buttress) disaster-related infrastructure are the need of the hour (some (urgent) need/requirement/demand at a particular point of time).

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - विश्व मौसम विज्ञान संगठन
English Meaning - As a specialized agency of the United Nations, WMO is dedicated to international cooperation and coordination on the state and behaviour of the Earth’s atmosphere, its interaction with the land and oceans, the weather and climate it produces, and the resulting distribution of water resources. Headquarters location: Geneva, Switzerland.

2.projection (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अनुमान, भविष्यवाणी
English Meaning - prediction, indication, forecast, prognosis, speculation, calculation (of future events or trends).

3.infrastructure (noun)

Hindi Meaning - आधारभूत संरचना
English Meaning - the basic physical or organisational structure or framework that a country or organization needs in order to function properly. For a whole nation, it includes all the physical systems such as buildings, roads & railways networks, utilities, etc.

4.defence (noun)

Hindi Meaning - रक्षा
English Meaning - protection, shielding, safeguarding.

5.decade (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दशक
English Meaning - a period of ten years.

6.pre-industrial level (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पूर्व-औद्योगिक स्तर
English Meaning - In principle, ‘pre-industrial levels’ could refer to any period of time before the start of the industrial revolution. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C uses the reference period 1850–1900 to represent pre-industrial temperature.

7.unlikely (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - असम्भव
English Meaning - doubtful, implausible, improbable, questionable.

8.threshold (noun)

Hindi Meaning - सीमा
English Meaning - it is an amount, level, or limit of something; lower limit.

9.unbreached (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - अप्रतिबंधित
English Meaning - not breached/violated/broken, intact.

10.consequence (noun)

Hindi Meaning - परिणाम
English Meaning - result, outcome, ramification, repercussion.

11.Southern Oscillation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दक्षिणी दोलन
English Meaning - large-scale changes in sea level pressure across Indonesia and the tropical Pacific.

12.India Meteorological Department (IMD) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - भारत मौसम विज्ञान विभाग
English Meaning - an agency under the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India which is responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and distributing warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.

13.human-induced (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - मानव प्रेरित
English Meaning - caused by human activities.

14.climate change (noun)

Hindi Meaning - जलवायु परिवर्तन
English Meaning - a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth.

15.context (noun)

Hindi Meaning - पृष्ठभूमि, परिस्थितियाँ
English Meaning - conditions, circumstances, situation, background.

16.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (noun)

English Meaning - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts.

17.meteorological (adjective)

English Meaning - relating to the branch of science that deals with phenomena (events) of the atmosphere or weather.

18.mean (adjective/noun)

English Meaning - average, median.

19.global warming (noun)

English Meaning - it is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels.

20.summit (noun)

English Meaning - meeting, conference, conclave (of heads of government/state).

21.rubicon (noun)

English Meaning - critical point, decisive point, turning point.

22.poise (verb)

English Meaning - get into position, be ready, be prepared to do something.

23.on record (phrase)

English Meaning - state it publicly.

24.on fire (phrase)

English Meaning - burning, blazing, raging, fiery.

25.El Nino (noun)

English Meaning - abnormal warming; A warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to become reduced while rainfall increases over the tropical Pacific Ocean.

26.La Niña (noun)

English Meaning - abnormal cooling. A cooling of the ocean surface, or below-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to increase while rainfall decreases over the central tropical Pacific Ocean.

27.Neutral (climate phenomenon) (noun)

English Meaning - Neither El Niño or La Niña. Often tropical Pacific SSTs are generally close to average.

28.El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (noun)

English Meaning - pronounced “en-so”; a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. “ENSO” is a nice catchall acronym for all three states (El Nino, La Nino & Neutral).

29.equatorial (adjective)

English Meaning - near the equator; tropical; relating to the region of the Earth near to the equator and between the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.

30.brace (for) (verb)

English Meaning - prepare oneself for something difficult/unpleasant that is imminent (about to happen).

31.uncharted (adjective)

English Meaning - unexplored, unknown, unfamiliar, strange.

32.uncharted territory/zone (phrase)

English Meaning - unknown area.

33.Cyclone Mocha (noun)

English Meaning - was a powerful and deadly tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean which hit the coastlines of Bangladesh and Myanmar in May 2023.

34.barrel (verb)

English Meaning - move very fast; travel very quickly; rush, hurry, dash, hasten, hare, sweep, whizz.

35.claim (verb)

English Meaning - take, cause the loss of.

36.wrought (verb)

English Meaning - (old) past and past participle of.

37.work (verb)

English Meaning - cause, effect.

38.end up (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - finish up, turn up, come/appear, find oneself (to a particular course of action in the end).

39.anomaly (noun)

English Meaning - something that is different, abnormal or unusual from what normally/usually happens; oddity, abnormality, peculiarity, aberration, eccentricity, exception, deviation, divergence, departure.

40.resilience (noun)

English Meaning - the ability to bounce back quickly from difficulties; strength of character, strength, toughness, buoyancy, adaptability.

41.far more (noun)

English Meaning - much more.

42.bolster (verb)

English Meaning - strengthen, support, make stronger, reinforce, buttress.

43.the need of the hour (phrase)

English Meaning - some (urgent) need/requirement/demand at a particular point of time.