Vocabulary Test...

Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows:

   . . . 13587[M]an has been molding woman to his ideas by direct and positive influences, while she, if not a negation, has used indirect means to control him, and in most cases developed the very characteristics both in him and herself that needed repression45093. 52629And now the man himself stands appalled at the results of his own excesses and mourns in bitterness that falsehood, selfishness, and violence are the law of life62120. 67636The need of this hour is not the territory, gold mines, railroads, or special payments but a new evangel of womanhood, to exalt purity, virtue, morality, true religion, to lift man up into the higher realms of thought and action58169.

49019On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. 81282She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her. 51169She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on by another train. 85337Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks. "You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet," said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument. "Very well, if I must I must," said Lady Carlotta to herself with dangerous meekness. "I am Mrs. Quabarl," continued the lady; "and where, pray, is your luggage?" "It's gone astray," said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. "I've just telegraphed about it," she added, with a nearer approach to truth. 38052"How provoking," said Mrs. Quabarl; "these railway companies are so careless.50787 However, my maid can lend you things for the night," and she led the way to her car. 

During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the nature of the33361 charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century. 75426"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT," said Mrs. Quabarl, "but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory.27970 French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week."79871 "I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three." "Russian?71049 My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian." "That will not embarrass me in the least," said Lady Carlotta coldly. Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. 28392She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not seriously opposed. 

The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic.83904 When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.

43195Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. 58806When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds first hops and flights would be measured. 67366The rancher was incredulous. He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on! 28676At first it seemed unnatural birds dont like the ground? But as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he'd watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators.59904 They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling.61396 So he brought in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.64714
Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. I asked him how it went, Ken recalled, and he said, Terrible! The birds are cheating! Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the aha moment13666. The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively, he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. Its like the spoiler on the back of a race car, he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. 79694The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.13259
Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to 41015document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds15108 (something gliding animals dont do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory)32446 and an aerodynamic function for half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).

Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was that it? Had he followed form--had he asked his mother to speak to his father to approach a go-between-would Chie have been more receptive?

He came on a winter's eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a calling card to the drawing room, for Chie.

Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she was feeling too cosy. She and Naomi were reading at a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt spread over the sides of the table so their legs were tucked inside with the heat.

"Who is it at this hour, in this weather?" Chie questioned as she picked the name card off the maid's lacquer tray.

"Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College," she read.

Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft intake of air.

"I think you should go," said Naomi.

Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black military-style uniform of a student. As he bowed--his hands hanging straight down, a black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the other--Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening surface of the courtyard's rain-drenched paving stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double. 

97534His voice was soft, refined.33988 He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.

In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Chie felt herself starting to like him.

"Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely your business can wait for a moment or two."

"I don't want to trouble you. Normally I would approach you more properly but I've received word of a position. I have an opportunity to go to America, as a dentist for Seattle's Japanese community."

"Congratulations," Chie said with amusement. "That is an opportunity, I'm sure. But how am I involved?"

Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the name card, Chie had no idea. Akira's message, delivered like a formal speech, filled her with maternal amusement. 49448You know how children speak so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about things that have no importance in an adult's mind?59124 That's how she viewed him, as a child.

It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no effort to find her a husband.

Akira blushed.

"Depending on your response, I may stay in Japan. I've come to ask for Naomi’s hand."

Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.

"Does Naomi know anything of your... ambitions?"

"We have an understanding. 54152Please don't judge my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal98655. I ask 67510directly because the use of a go-between takes much time. Either method comes down to the same thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your consent, I become Naomi's Yoshi. We'll live in the House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to America, to secure a new home for my bride."

60706Eager to make his point, he’d been looking her full in the face. 23268Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. "I see I've startled you. My humble apologies. I'll take no more of your evening. My address is on my card. If you don't wish to contact me, I'll reapproach you in two weeks' time. Until then, good night."

He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless grace, like a cat making off with a fish.

"Mother?" Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and turned from the door. "He has asked you?"

The sight of Naomi's clear eyes, her dark brows gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were preposterous.

"Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to America all in the snap of his fingers!"

Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.

Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally, she spoke.

"I met him at my literary meeting."

Naomi turned to go back into the house, then stopped.

"Mother."

"Yes?"

"I mean to have him."

   98157Some argue that because the free markets allow for personal choice, they are already ethical.99395 Others have accepted the ethical critique and 38892embraced corporate social responsibility. 63148But before we can label any market outcome as "immoral," or sneer at economists who try to put a price on being ethical, we need to be clear on what we are talking about.43569

   11372There are different views on where ethics should apply when someone makes an economic decision.27817 Consider Adam Smith, widely regarded as the founder of modern economics. He was a moral philosopher who believed sympathy for others was the basis for ethics (we would call it empathy nowadays). But one of his key insights in The Wealth of Nations was that acting on this empathy could be counter-productive - he observed people becoming better off when they put their own empathy aside and interacted in a self-interested way. 74197Smith justifies selfish behavior by the outcome.59184 Whenever planners use cost-benefit analysis to justify a new railway line, or someone retrains to boost his or her earning power, or a shopper buys one to get one free, they are using the same approach: empathizing with someone, and seeking an outcome that makes that person as well off as possible - although the person they are empathizing with maybe themselves in the future.

49019On this occasion she merely lost the train, which gave way to the first sign of impatience it had shown throughout the journey, and steamed off without her. 81282She bore the desertion with philosophical indifference; her friends and relations were thoroughly well used to the fact of her luggage arriving without her. 51169She wired a vague non-committal message to her destination to say that she was coming on by another train. 85337Before she had time to think what her next move might be she was confronted by an imposingly attired lady, who seemed to be taking a prolonged mental inventory of her clothes and looks. "You must be Miss Hope, the governess I've come to meet," said the apparition, in a tone that admitted of very little argument. "Very well, if I must I must," said Lady Carlotta to herself with dangerous meekness. "I am Mrs. Quabarl," continued the lady; "and where, pray, is your luggage?" "It's gone astray," said the alleged governess, falling in with the excellent rule of life that the absent are always to blame; the luggage had, in point of fact, behaved with perfect correctitude. "I've just telegraphed about it," she added, with a nearer approach to truth. 38052"How provoking," said Mrs. Quabarl; "these railway companies are so careless.50787 However, my maid can lend you things for the night," and she led the way to her car. 

During the drive to the Quabarl mansion Lady Carlotta was impressively introduced to the nature of the33361 charge that had been thrust upon her; she learned that Claude and Wilfrid were delicate, sensitive young people, that Irene had the artistic temperament highly developed, and that Viola was something or other else of a mould equally commonplace among children of that class and type in the twentieth century. 75426"I wish them not only to be TAUGHT," said Mrs. Quabarl, "but INTERESTED in what they learn. In their history lessons, for instance, you must try to make them feel that they are being introduced to the life-stories of men and women who really lived, not merely committing a mass of names and dates to memory.27970 French, of course, I shall expect you to talk at meal-times several days in the week."79871 "I shall talk French four days of the week and Russian in the remaining three." "Russian?71049 My dear Miss Hope, no one in the house speaks or understands Russian." "That will not embarrass me in the least," said Lady Carlotta coldly. Mrs. Quabarl, to use a colloquial expression, was knocked off her perch. 28392She was one of those imperfectly self-assured individuals who are magnificent and autocratic as long as they are not seriously opposed. 

The least show of unexpected resistance goes a long way towards rendering them cowed and apologetic.83904 When the new governess failed to express wondering admiration of the large newly-purchased and expensive car, and lightly alluded to the superior advantages of one or two makes which had just been put on the market, the discomfiture of her patroness became almost abject. Her feelings were those which might have animated a general of ancient warfaring days, on beholding his heaviest battle-elephant ignominiously driven off the field by slingers and javelin throwers.

Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows:

   . . . 13587[M]an has been molding woman to his ideas by direct and positive influences, while she, if not a negation, has used indirect means to control him, and in most cases developed the very characteristics both in him and herself that needed repression45093. 52629And now the man himself stands appalled at the results of his own excesses and mourns in bitterness that falsehood, selfishness, and violence are the law of life62120. 67636The need of this hour is not the territory, gold mines, railroads, or special payments but a new evangel of womanhood, to exalt purity, virtue, morality, true religion, to lift man up into the higher realms of thought and action58169.