Management of Natural Resources Test - 8

Euro norms refer to the permissible emission levels, for both petrol and diesel vehicles, which have been implemented in Europe. However, the government in India has adopted the Euro norms for available fuel quality and the method of testing. It requires manufacturers to reduce the existing polluting emission levels in a more efficient manner by making certain technical changes in their vehicles.

Chipko movement was started in 1970’s in the Himalayas of Uttar Pradesh in order to prevent the illegal deforestation and destruction of forest and trees. Indian villagers, mainly the women have participated in this movement. They adopted Gandhian method of Satyagraha by hugging the trees and saving them from being cut down.

Wind energy is a clean fuel source.Wind energy doesn't pollute the air like power plants that rely on combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas. Wind turbines don't produce atmospheric emissions that increase health problems like asthma or create acid rain or greenhouse gases. 

Therefore Wind energy to generate electricity can be termed as eco friendly.

Coliforms are bacteria that are always present in the digestive tracts of animals, including humans, and are found in their wastes. They are also found in plant and soil material.

Forest serves as the reservoir of biodiversity containing different species of plants, animals and all other sorts of living organisms.Biodiversity hotspot is termed to the specific forests consisting of richest diversity of species including most rare and prior to extinct species.

Statement A is false because Nomadic shepherds drove their flock down from the valleys during the month of winter.

Statement B is true because Forest officer, A. K. Banerjee, involved the villagers for the protection of the 1,272 hectares of badly degraded Sal forests. In return, the villagers were provided with employment opportunities in silviculture and harvesting. They were also allowed to collect firewood from the forest. The effect of this involvement was that the forest became dense and green within a period of 10 years. 

Surangams is a water harvesting structure in the northern Malabar region of Kerala. This is an area whose people cannot depend directly on surface water. The terrain is such that there is high discharge in rivers in the monsoon and low discharge in the dry months. People here depend, therefore on groundwater, and on a special water harvesting structure called surangam.

As the ground water is stored under thick layers of soil it does not evaporate.

Statement A is true because the Tehri Dam is the Highest dam in India and one of the highest in the world. It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Yeri Uttarakhand, India.

Statement B is false because bandharas and Tal are the water harvesting structures in Maharastra.

As the ground water is stored deep inside it is usually protected by contamination of human and animal wastes.

Availability of water leads to development of a region due to the  growth of  various industries,agriculture and its related industries. These provide employment to the local people and thus help to reduce poverty.  Hence water scarcity are closely correlated to the regions of acute poverty.