Acids Bases and Salts Test - 15

Acids are the substances which have sour taste, they turn blue litmus solution red and they give H+ ions in aqueous solution. The term ‘acid’ has been derived from the Latin word, acidus, which means sour.

Acids are the substances which have sour taste, they turn blue litmus solution red and they give H+ ions in aqueous solution. The term ‘acid’ has been derived from the Latin word, acidus, which means sour.

Explanations: Bases are the substances which are bitter in taste and soapy in touch, they turn red litmus solution blue. They give OH− ions in aqueous solution.

Litmus paper is made from wood cellulose; the main use of litmus is to test whether a solution is acidic or basic. Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline. The most common of all indicators is litmus paper

A concentrated solution is a solution where the solvent has a lot of solute in the solution. A solution that is filled to capacity is called a saturated solution. Concentrated solutions are slightly corrosive to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Dust inhalation can cause irritation of the respiratory system with sneezing

Organic Acids in Lemon Juice, the main organic acids contained in the flesh of lemons are citric acid and malic acid. Citric acid, found in all citrus fruits, adds the sour taste to lemons, limes, grapefruit and oranges.

Citric acid, ascorbic acid and malic acid are all found in tomatoes, and all of these provide help to the body's cellular functions.

Lactobacillus (harmless) bacteria use the lactose in milk as an energy source. The bacteria combine it with oxygen to produce lactic acid, so all are acidic substances.

Phenol also called carbolic acid; phenol has a benzene ring with one hydroxyl group substituted for a hydrogen ion. In its pure state, phenol is colorless and poorly soluble

pH the measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution. Lower pH number means stronger acid, higher pH number means stronger base. It can be a little confusing, but the lower the pH of a substance is, the stronger of an acid it is. Sometimes it is more helpful to think that the further away from neutral a substance is, the stronger it is in either the acidic or basic direction.

When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate a salt, carbon dioxide and water are formed.

See the example:-

Nitric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium nitrate, carbon dioxide and water.

2HNO₃(aq) + Na₂CO₃(aq) → 2NaNO₃(aq) + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Olfactory indicator is a substance whose smell varies depending on whether it is mixed with an acidic or basic solution. Olfactory indicators can be used in the laboratory to test whether a solution is a base or an acid, a process called olfactory titration. Clove oil is an example of olfactory indicators.