Carbon and its Compounds Test

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Carbon and its Compounds Test - 36

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Question 1
1 / -0

In a covalent bond formation:

A
transfer of electrons takes place

B
sharing of electrons between two atoms takes place

C
electrons are shared by one atom only

D
electrons are donated by one atom and shared by both atoms.

Solution

Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms begin sharing electrons, the electrons are attracted towards the nuclei that are positively charged. Example: $$Cl-Cl$$.

It is not necessary that both atoms of covalent bond always will be the same, they can be different for example $$HF$$ molecule, in such case electrons not shared equally and attract towards the more electronegative element.
Question 2
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In the given figure label the parts.

A
A - Hydrophilic tail, B - hydrophobic head

B
A - Hydrophobic tail, B - hydrophobic head

C
A - Hydrophobic tail, B - hydrophilic head

D
A - Hydrophilic tail, B - hydrophilic head

Solution
Question 3
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Washing soaps produce scum with hard water and not much foam because hard water contains:

A
chalk and sulphur

B
many dissolved inorganic salts

C
many suspended particles

D
organic matter

Solution

Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium principally as bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates. Ferrous ion may also be present, oxidized to the ferric form. It appears as a reddish-brown stain on washed fabrics and enameled surfaces. Water hardness that is caused by calcium bicarbonates is known as temporary because boiling converts the bicarbonates to the insoluble carbonates, hardness from other salts is called permanent. Calcium and magnesium ions in hard water react with the higher fatty acids of soap to form an insoluble gelatinous curd, thereby causing a waste of the soap.
Question 4
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A group closely related compounds which can be expressed by a general formula & in which two consecutive members differ by $$14$$ in their molecular masses is called:

A
a heterogeneous series

B
a homologous series

C
a homogeneous series

D
a electrochemicals series

Solution

In homologous series, the two consecutive members will differ by 14 units in their molecular masses.
Ex-
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes $$\rightarrow$$ Two consecutive units of any of the homologous series, (i.e., alkanes, alkenes, alkynes), are differ by 1 $$C{H}_{2}$$ unit or by 14 units in their molecular masses.
Question 5
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$$CH_3$$ $$CH_3$$
$$H_3C-CH_2-\overset {|}{CH}-\overset {|}{CH}-CH_3$$

Write the IUPAC name of the given compound.

A
2,3-dimethylpentane

B
3,4-dimethylhexane

C
2-sec-butylbutane

D
2,3-dimethylbutane

Solution

$$CH_3$$ $$CH_3$$
$$H_3\underset {5}C-\underset {4}CH_2-\overset {|}{\underset {3}CH}-\overset {|}{\underset {2}CH}-\underset {1}CH_3$$
Numbering the longest carbon chain, and considering that two methyl groups are attached at second and third carbon, we get IUPAC name as $$2,3-dimethylpentane$$.
Question 6
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In the presence of the acid catalyst, ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol to produce________.

A
ethanol

B
ethanoic

C
ethyl ethanote

D
ethyl ethanol

Solution

$$CH_3COOH + CH_3CH_2OH \xrightarrow{H^+} CH_3COOC_2H_5$$
$$Ethanoic \ acid$$ $$Ethanol$$ $$Ethyl \ ethanoate$$

The reaction between acid and alcohol produces ester and the reaction is known as esterification
Hence, this is an acid catalysed esterification reaction.
Question 7
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Assertion: In O/W emulsion, soap is mixed.
Reason: Soap reduces surface tension.

A
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

B
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

C
If assertion is true but reason is false.

D
If both assertion and reason are false.

Solution

For emulsification, soap is added in O/W emulsion as it reduces surface tension and form better colloid.
Question 8
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Which pair of statements about diamond and graphite is correct?

A
Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon. They are both macromolecules.

B
Diamond and graphite can both be used as electrodes. Graphite is also used as a lubricant

C
Diamond has covalent bonds. Graphite has ionic bonds.

D
Diamond is hard with a high melting point. Graphite is soft with a low melting point.

Solution

Diamond and graphite are macromolecules and contain only carbon. Both are the allotropes of carbon.
Graphite is a good conductor of electricity thus used as an electrode. Diamond is a bad conductor of electricity thus not used as an electrode.
Both Diamond and Graphite have a covalent bond.
Graphite has a melting point similar to that of diamond of around 3600°C, at which it sublimes rather than melting.
Hence option A is correct.
Question 9
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$$H - \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} - \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} - \underset{\!\!OH}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}} - }H$$ $$H - \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} - \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} - OH$$ $$H - \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} - \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} - H$$ $$\underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}} = \underset{H}{\underset{|}{\overset{H}{\overset{|}{C}}}}$$

$$(1)$$ $$(2)$$ $$(3)$$ $$(4)$$

The structures of four molecules are shown.

Which molecules belong to the same homologous series?

A
$$1$$ and $$2$$

B
$$1$$ and $$3$$

C
$$2$$ and $$4$$

D
$$3$$ and $$4$$

Solution

Molecules $$1$$ and $$2$$ contain the same functional group, i.e., alcohol, and their formula differs by $$CH_2$$ group. Thus belongs to the same homologous series while compound $$3$$ and $$4$$ belongs to alkane and alkene respectively.
A homologous series is a group or class of compounds having the same general formula and similar chemical properties in which successive members differ by $$-CH_2$$ group.
Hence, option A is correct.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which pollutant gas can be produced as a result of incomplete combustion of octane ($${C}_{8}{H}_{18}$$)?

A
Carbon

B
Carbon dioxide

C
Carbon monoxide

D
Methane

Solution

When the supply of air is poor then incomplete combustion takes place which forms carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is;
$$2C_8H_{18} + 17O_2 \rightarrow 16CO + 18H_2O$$