Control and Coordination Test - 8

• The incorrectly matched pair is Thalamus – motor and sensory centers.

• Thalamus does not contain the motor and sensory centers. These centers are present in the motor and sensory cortex of the cerebrum.

• The thalamus is a small structure within the brain located just above the brain stem between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain.

• The thalamus regulates consciousness, sleep, and alertness.

• An involuntary action is the one which is not under our conscious control.

• Involuntary actions are opposite of voluntary actions that occur because of choice.

• From the given options, chewing is the one which is not involuntary.

• Chewing as an action is under our control.

• Vomiting, heart beat regulation, and salivation are involuntary actions.

• The medulla oblongata helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. This part of the brain is a center for respiration and circulation.

• Voluntary actions are controlled by motor cortex which is situated in the frontal lobe of cerebrum.

• The cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and it controls your voluntary actions.

• Cerebrum also performs other functions like, interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.

• The hindbrain, also known as the rhombencephalon consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum.

• Together they support vital bodily processes.

• The medulla lies next to the spinal cord and controls functions outside conscious control, such as breathing and blood flow.

• Pons is involved in the control of breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance.

• The cerebellum is the area at the back and bottom of the brain, behind the brainstem. The cerebellum has several functions relating to movement and coordination.

• The junction between the dendrites and axon is known as a synapse.

• A synapse allows a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to a target an effector cell.

• Foramen magnum is the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

• Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath on the axon of certain neurons.

• The nerve cells are known as neurons.

• They carry electrical impulses.

• Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system.

• Every neuron is made of a cell body (also called soma), dendrites and an axon. Dendrites and axons are nerve fibers.

• The brain is made of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

• The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

• The midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum.

• The hindbrain is made of the cerebellum, pons and medulla.

 Damage to the cerebellum does not cause paralysis, but instead produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning.

Damage to a discrete part of the brain in the left frontal lobe in the cerebrum called the Broca's area affects the use of speech and language.

• The center for hunger is located in the forebrain.

• The body's system for regulating food intake is coordinated by the hypothalamus, which is part of the forebrain.

• Within the hypothalamus are nerve cells that, when activated, produce the sensation of hunger.

• The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain.

• It has regions which receive sensory impulses from various receptors.

• Separate areas of the fore-brain are specialised for hearing, smell, sight and so on.

• Forebrain is made up of the cerebrum, thalamus and the hypothalamus.