Manufacturing Industries Test - 10

Factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hooghly basin include proximity of the jute producing areas, inexpensive water transport supported by a good network of railways and roadways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills, abundant water for processing raw jute, cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. 

Smoke emitted by chemical and paper factories, refineries etc., can be reduced by using Gas.

Ahmedabad was known as the Manchester of India because of its success in textile mills and it started supplying textiles to different parts of the country. 

Iron and steel is a basic industry and forms the backbone of industrial development in any country. It provides raw material for making machinery, electrical machinery, defence equipment, railway tracks, railways engines, bridges, dams, shops, automobiles, houses and a host of other industrial and consumer goods.

Environmental degradation is the process of polluting natural environment. Different methods are being followed to conserve nature. Some of them include:

(i) minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages 

(ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements 

(iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases 

(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation. 

(b) Secondary treatment by the biological process.

(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater. 

Andhra Pradesh.

From the given options, Gujarat is more famous for its cotton textile industry. Due to easy availability of raw material, humid climate for spinning and weaving, Ahmedabad city in Gujarat has emerged as a prominent cotton textile industrial centre which is also referred to as the "Manchester of India."

In addition to West Bengal, jute mills are also located at Guntur, Vishakhapatnam and Nelimarla, Chitvalshah, Eburu and Ongole in Andhra Pradesh; Kanpur, Shahjanwan and Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh; Purnea, Katihar, Samastipur, Darbhanga and Gaya in Bihar; Raigarh in Chhattisgarh and Cuttack in Orissa. Assam and Tripura also have one jute mill each.

Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the increase due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. 

The first jute mill was set up at Rishra near Kolkata in 1859.