Manufacturing Industries Test - 16

Bhadravati is located in Shimoga district of Karnataka. It is known for the steel plant located there. It is owned by public sector organised company called SAIL. Name of the company located in Bhadravati is the Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant factory which was started by Sir M. Visvesvarayya.

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh. There are about 70 jute mills in India.  Most of these are located in West Bengal.

This group of industries depends on the raw material produced by the agricultural sector. The products comprise mostly consumer goods. The major agro-based industries are cotton, jute and textile industries, sugar industry, edible oil, etc.

Sugar mills have to be located near the sugarcane fields because sugarcane contains sucrose and once you cut the sugarcane, the sucrose content starts to decline. Hence raw material must be quickly transported.

Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.  They pool in the resources and share the profits or losses proportionately such as the sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala.

• Hazira in Gujarat is famous for chemical and fertilizer manufacturing. This fertilizer company has been set up by KRIBHCO to manufacture urea, ammonia and bio-fertilizers. This is established on the banks of river Tapti.

• Though industrial development in India caused enormous improvement in India’s economy, it also proved disastrous to the environment.
  
• Industries cause air pollution due to the smoke released from factories.
  
• They also cause water pollution due to the draining of industrial wastes into water bodies causing problems to marine and human life.
  
• Industries create high decibel noises paving a way to noise pollution creating anxiety, hypertension especially among old people and patients.
  

This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. There are 128 large plants and 332 mini cement plants in the country. India produces a variety of cement. 

The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market. Industries are situated where some or all of these factors are easily available. 

Raw jute is the major raw material for the jute industry and its processing requires large quantities of water. Most of the jute mills are located along the basin of the Hooghly river and are concentrated in a narrow belt less than 100 km in length and about 3 km wide. Some of the main centres of the jute industry are Hooghly, Titagarh, Serampur, Rishra, Bally and Shyamnagar.