Forest and Wildlife Test - 13

Periyar Tiger Reserve is located in Kerala. It is a protected area in the districts of Idukki, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta in Kerala. It is notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve. The protected area covers an area of 925 km2. 

• Joint forest management is a policy of forest conservation in which the government and local communities strive for the conservation of forests.
  
• Chipko Movement: Chipko Movement was a forest conservation movement in India. It began in 1973. Alaknanda floods alarmed people of how deforestation has resulted in the disturbance.
  
• Beej Bachao Andolan is a forest conservatory movement which not only aimed at protecting traditional seeds but also to promote the local traditions of the communities living there.
  
• All of the above movements involved communities. But wildlife sanctuaries are demarcated to limit the entry of local communities into forest areas this is done by the Government and Forest Department. 
  

• UNESCO established a programme of biosphere reserve in 1971 which was known as Man and Biosphere programme. The main goal of this programme was to establish a scientific basis to improve relation between man and environment to achieve sustainable development.
  
• As of March 2016, about 669 biosphere reserves in 120 countries, including 16 trans-boundary sites, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
  

Manas Tiger Reserve is located in Assam. It is a UNESCO Natural heritage site. It is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur and pygmy hog.

Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant. It is found in Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh. It is used in making of drugs. These drugs are used for treating some types of cancer.

Sangai is the endangered species. It is a subspecies of brown altered deer found only in Manipur in India. It is a medium sized deer with uniquely distinctive antlers with brow tine which forms the main beam. The forward protruding beam appears to come out from the eyebrow and this signifies its name.

In the heart of India, Madhya Pradesh, Pench National Park is located in the districts of Seoni and Chhindwara. Named after the pristine river Pence which flows through the park, Pench National Park is one of the most popular wildlife reserves in India. The sanctuary emerged as one of the best managed tiger reserves in the country.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

The Parliament of India passed an Act in 1972 for the protection of wildlife. In this Act, the government established schedules to protect plants and animals. Hunting of these species was strictly prohibited under this law.

It is located in the mountainous Western Ghats of Kerala. This wildlife sanctuary is the home to tigers, elephants, deers, etc. Near to this wildlife sanctuary, there is Periyar Lake. It is very famous for its boat rides.