Computers in Accounting Test - 11

Declarative knowledge is Compiled knowledge to perform some task.

Declarative Knowledge refers to facts or information stored in the memory, that is considered static in nature. Declarative Knowledge, also referred to as conceptual, propositional or descriptive knowledge, describes things, events, or processes, their attributes, and their relation to each other. It is contrary to Procedural, or Implicit Knowledge, which refers to the knowledge of how to perform or operate.

In cognitive psychology, procedural knowledge is the knowledge exercised in the accomplishment of a task, and thus includes knowledge which, unlike declarative knowledge, cannot be easily articulated by the individual, since it is typically nonconscious (or tacit).

Declarative knowledge is defined as the factual information stored in memory and known to be static in nature. Other names, e.g. descriptive knowledge, propositional knowledge, etc. are also given. It is the part of knowledge which describes how things are.

Intelligence can be defined as Ability to acquire, understand and apply knowledge.

Knowledge is the collection of skills and information a person has acquired through experience. Intelligence is the ability to apply knowledge. Just because someone lacks knowledge of a particular subject doesn't mean they can't apply their intelligence to help solve problems.

ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. ... 'The reasoning tests assess qualities such as aptitude, cognitive skill, ability, and intelligence.' 'And you talk about five qualities to be successful: integrity, industry, intelligence, knowledge and courage.

Intelligence is defined as general cognitive problem-solving skills. A mental ability involved in reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, calculating, learning quickly… etc. ... “Intelligence is a hypothetical idea which we have defined as being reflected by certain types of behavior.”

intelligence is the ability to retain knowledge, use reasoning to solve problems or have above average brain power. An example of intelligence is someone obtaining their Ph.D. An example of intelligence is someone knowing that Dover is the capital of Delaware.

RSS stands for Rich site summary and Real simple syndication.

RSS (originally RDF Site Summary; later, two competing approaches emerged, which used the backronyms Rich Site Summary and Really Simple Syndication respectively) is a type of web feed which allows users and applications to access updates to online content in a standardized, computer-readable format.

RSS stands for "Really Simple Syndication". It is a way to easily distribute a list of headlines, update notices, and sometimes content to a wide number of people. It is used by computer programs that organize those headlines and notices for easy reading.

RSS is a family of Web feed formats used to publish often updated content such as blog entries, news headlines or podcasts. An RSS document, which is called a "feed," "web feed," or "channel," contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text.

RSS (Rich Site Summary; originally RDF Site Summary; often called Really Simple Syndication) is a type of web feed which allows users to access updates to online content in a standardized, computer-readable format. ... Subscribing to a website RSS removes the need for the user to manually check the website for new content.

RSS stands for "Really Simple Syndication". It is a way to easily distribute a list of headlines, update notices, and sometimes content to a wide number of people. It is used by computer programs that organize those headlines and notices for easy reading. ... This list of notifications is called an "RSS Feed".

Vigenere cipher is Data cipher.

Vigenère cipher, type of substitution cipher invented by the 16th-century French cryptographer Blaise de Vigenère and used for data encryption in which the original plaintext structure is somewhat concealed in the ciphertext by using several different monoalphabetic substitution ciphers rather than just one; the code.

To decrypt, take the first letter of the ciphertext and the first letter of the key, and subtract their value (letters have a value equals to their position in the alphabet starting from 0). If the result is negative, add 26 (26=the number of letters in the alphabet), the result gives the rank of the plain letter.

The Vigenère cipher (French pronunciation: ​[viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers, based on the letters of a keyword. It is a form of polyalphabetic substitution. ... Many people have tried to implement encryption schemes that are essentially Vigenère ciphers.

Arrow is a part of a data flow diagram except

Flow diagrams in general are usually designed using simple symbols such as a rectangle, an oval or a circle depicting a processes, data stored or an external entity, and arrows are generally used to depict the data flow from one step to another. A DFD usually comprises of four components.

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system. • DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design). • It views a system as a function that transform the input into desired output .

A context diagram is a top level (also known as "Level 0") data flow diagram. It only contains one process node ("Process 0") that generalizes the function of the entire system in relationship to external entities. DFD Layers.

Data flow diagram notations. ... These data flows are the inputs and outputs of the DFD. Since they are external to the system being analyzed, these entities are typically placed at the boundaries of the diagram. They can represent another system or indicate a subsystem.

Basic building blocks of LISP are Character string.

Basic Building Blocks in LISP. An atom is a number or string of contiguous characters. It includes numbers and special characters. A list is a sequence of atoms and/or other lists enclosed in parentheses. A character string is a series of characters manipulated as a group.

A character string differs from a name in that it does not represent anything -- a name stands for some other object.A character string is often specified by enclosing the characters in single or double .

Experts say, CELL is the basis building block of human body. The building of basic body is formed by a cell, a tissue, muscle, nerve, skin, blood, bone morrow and bones. Billions of cells make a human body. Cell's outer layer is called cell membrane and contains cytoplasm.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the heart and brain of a computer. It receives data input, executes instructions, and processes information. It communicates with input/output (I/O) devices, which send and receive data to and from the CPU.

Terminals are required for Realtime processing.

Real-time data processing is the execution of data in a short time period, providing near-instantaneous output. ... In contrast, a batch data processing system collects data and then processes all the data in bulk in a later time, which also means output is received at a later time.

Data processing, Manipulation of data by a computer. It includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data through the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or transformation of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations on data can be included under data processing.

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) intended to serve real-time applications that process data as it comes in, typically without buffer delays. Processing time requirements (including any OS delay) are measured in tenths of seconds or shorter increments of time.

Non-real time, or NRT, is a term used to describe a process or event that does not occur immediately. For example, communication via posts in a forum can be considered non-real time as responses often do not occur immediately and can sometimes take hours or even days.

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the hardware in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor. 

A RAM device makes it possible to access data in random order, which makes it very fast to find a specific piece of information.

Digitization is a combination of sampling and Quantization.

Sampling and quantization. ... Typically, a frame grabber or digitizer is used to sample and quantize the analogue video signal. Hence in order to create an image which is digital, we need to covert continuous data into digital form.

quantization: A process in which the continuous range of values of an analog signal is sampled and divided into nonoverlapping (but not necessarily equal) subranges, and a discrete, unique value is assigned to each subrange.

A continuous model is convenient for some situations, but in other situations it is more convenient to work with digital signals — i.e., signals which have a discrete (often finite) domain and range. The process of digitizing the domain is called sampling and the process of digitizing the range is called quantization.

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be modeled as two processes: sampling and quantization. Sampling converts a time-varying voltage signal into a discrete-time signal, a sequence of real numbers. Quantization replaces each real number with an approximation from a finite set of discrete values.