Theory Base of Accounting Test - 16

Accounting is based on certain concepts and conventions. One of the convention 'conservatism " defines that firm should make a provision for all future losses while making the financial statement. On this concept only, stocks are valued at cost or market price whichever is lower.

Matching revenue-Income measurement

The convention of conservatism mean that the convention of caution, or the policy of playing safe. This principle requires that in the situation of uncertainty and doubt, the business transactions should be recorded in such a manner that the profits and assets are not overstated and losses and liabilities are not understated. The following are some other examples:

1. Closing stock is valued at cost price or Net realisable value, whichever is lower.

2. Joint life insurance policy  is shown only at surrender value as against the amount paid.

3. Provision for doubtful debt is created in anticipation of bad debts etc.

4. Provision for pending law suit against the firm, which may either be decided in its favour.

The convention of conservatism mean that the convention of caution, or the policy of playing safe. This principle requires that in the situation of uncertainty and doubt, the business transactions should be recorded in such a manner that the profits and assets are not overstated and losses and liabilities are not understated. The following are some other examples:

1. Closing stock is valued at cost price or Net realisable value, whichever is lower.

2. Joint life insurance policy  is shown only at surrender value as against the amount paid.

3. Provision for doubtful debt is created in anticipation of bad debts etc.

4. Provision for pending law suit against the firm, which may either be decided in its favour.

The concept of money measurement states that only those transactions and happenings in an organisation which can be expressed in terms of money such as sale of goods or payment of expenses or receipt of income, etc. are to be recorded in the book of accounts. 

There are 3 branches of accounting

For all accounting purposes, the business is considered to be a separate entity, distinct from its owner. The transactions of business are recorded in books of accounts of the business and the position of owner in his own books is like a creditor. If any amount is contributed by owner as capital, this will always be treated as liability.

The convention of conservatism mean that the convention of caution, or the policy of playing safe. This principle requires that in the situation of uncertainty and doubt, the business transactions should be recorded in such a manner that the profits and assets are not overstated and losses and liabilities are not understated. The following are some examples:

1. Closing stock is valued at cost price or Net realisable value, whichever is lower.

2. Joint life insurance policy  is shown only at surrender value as against the amount paid.

3. Provision for doubtful debt is created in anticipation of bad debts etc.

4. Provision for pending law suit against the firm, which may either be decided in its favour.

The principle of full disclosure requires that all material and relevant facts concerning financial performance of an enterprise must be fully and completely disclosed in the financial statements and their accompanying footnotes.

This is to enable the users to make correct assessment about the profitability and financial soundness of the enterprise and help them to take informed decisions.

Financial accounting is the system of recording, classifying and summarizing the financial information in such a way that the user can make the economic decision out of it.