The Living World Test - 23

Systema Naturae is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carolus Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy concerned with classification of plants and animals.

Correct option: D
Explanation:

• New systematics coined by Sir Julian Huxley in 1940 takes into consideration plant identification and grouping collected through multiple branches of science.
• He also invented the term cline in 1938 to refer to species, whose members fall into a series of sub-species with continuous change in characters over a geographical area.
  
• Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

1. Kingdom: The topmost taxonomic category. Example: All animals are included in Kingdom Animalia. The unit in classification that denotes the grouping of organisms based on features which are observable is known as a taxon.
   
2. Phylum: It is a term used for animals while its synonym division is used for plants. It is a collection of similar classes. Phylum Chordata of animals has class Mammalia along with birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
   
3. Class: One or more than one order makes a class. Class Mammalia includes all mammals which are bats, rodents, kangaroos, whales, great apes, and man.
   
4. Order: One or more than one similar families constitute an order. 
   
5. Family: It is defined as a collection of similar genera. It can be separated from genera by reproductive and vegetative features. For example, cats and leopard are included in the same family.
   
6. Genus: It is defined as a group of similar species.
   
7. Species: Group of a population which is similar in form, shape and reproductive features so that fertile sibling can be produced. 
   

Trinomial system of nomenclature is system in there is inclusion of a subspecies in the scientific name of organism. Thus scientific name of organism consist of three words instead of two words.

Brinjal is Solanum melongena, 
Potato is Solanum tuberosum,
Tomato is  Solanum lycopersicum
Onion  is Allium cepa 
Ginger is Zingiber officinale
The only rank common to all of them is Kingdom Plantae, to which all of them belong.

Mayr proposed the origin of species in his book 'Systematics and the Origin of Species'. The biological species concept groups the members of the same species organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring. It groups the individuals on the basis of their reproductive isolation, which in turn maintain the morphological differences among the reproductively isolated individuals of the same habitat. It is not based on methods of reproduction. Thus the correct answer is option B.

The 10th edition of 'Systema Naturae' was a book written by Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced the binomial nomenclature for animals.
Thus, the answer is option (B) - 'Systema naturae'.

A taxon is the group of organisms, that comes under a particular classification category on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities such as species, class genus etc. It is the key component of classification of the organism and each taxon consists the same type of organisms. Classification and nomenclature provides universal identification to the living 

The classification system uses the hierarchical ranks for the grouping of different organisms. The genus is the group which constitutes of the organisms which have related characters. The species is the lowest group of classification which includes the maximum related organism. It is a subgroup of the genus. 

According to the binomial nomenclature the original author's name is capitalised using standard abbreviation. 'L' stands for Linnaeus.
Thus the answer is option (C) - Letter 'L' signifies taxonomist Linnaeus.