The Living World Test - 5

• It is through flow of energy that cells regulate their activity.

• Without energy (which is in the form of ATP molecules), cells cannot move energy or other materials.

• Tautonym is a scientific name in which the same word is used for both the genus and species.

• Another example is the scientific name of the Red fox, which is Vulpes vulpes.

• Autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants that are created for certain subdivisions of genera and species.

• Autogamy is the process of self fertilization within the same flower.

• The term phylum was coined by Haeckel.

• Cuvier was a French naturalist and zoologist and referred to as the father of Paleontology.

• Theophrastus is known as the father of botany.

• Carl Linnaeus gave the binomial nomenclature.

• The scientific name of wheat is Triticum aestivum.

• Common wheat is a monocotyledon.

• The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in monocotyledons.

• Poaceae are a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. They include cereal grasses, bamboos and grasses of natural grassland.

• The family Anacardiaceae is commonly known as the cashew family.

• Order Sapindales is an order of the dicotyledonous flowering plant.

Gensus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.

For example,

Potato and brinjal are two different species but both belong to the genus Solanum.

Lion (Panthera leo), leopard (P. paradus) and tiger (P. tigris) with several common features, are all species of the genus Panthera.

All the organisms share common genetic material, i.e DNA and RNA. However, it can vary to certain degrees.

Biologists is following universally accepted principals to provide scientific names to known organisms.

For plants, scientific names are provided in International Code of botanical nomenclature (ICBN).

For Animals, Animal taxonomists has evolved International Code of Zoological nomenclature (ICZN).

Each name has two components- the Generic name and the specific ephithet.

This system providing a name with two components is called Binomial Nomenclature.

In binomial nomenclature, the first or generic word starts with a capital letter. The name of taxonomist appears after the specific epithet, i.e at the end of the focus biological name and is written in abbreviated form, e.g. Ficus bengalensis L., indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus

Objective and function of classification include:

1. Recognition and complete description of different species.

2. Development of a system for easy identification of various species.

3. Giving a scheme for hierarchial grouping of species on the basis of their similar or correlated characters.

4. To establish relationships in the basis of resemblance and difference between organism.