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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 17

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 17
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which type of cell division takes place in gonads?
    Solution
    In the gonads reductional division or meiosis takes place. This is because we only need half the amount of genetic material in the germ cells. The two germ cells then combine during fertilization and the amount of genetic material is restored in the zygote. This is done to maintain the chromosome number of a species.
    So the correct answer is ' Meiosis'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The most important role of meiosis
    Solution
    • Meiosis occurs in germ cells which form gametes. Germ cells are diploid cells which undergo meiosis to form haploid cells.
    • Meiosis leads to independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes, hence, it helps in bringing haplophase.
    • When male and female gametes fuse, a diploid zygote is formed restoring the chromosome number to that of the species.
    Hence, most important role of meiosis  is bringing haplophase. So, the correct answer is 'Bringing haplophase'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The number of DNA in chromosome at G$$_2$$ stage of cell cycle is

    Solution
    Second growth stage or G$$_2$$ stage occurs after the synthesis or S phase in which DNA replication occurs. Hence, the number of DNA molecules in each chromosome at G$$_2$$ stage will be two. So, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following stage is affected by colchicine?
    Solution
    Organisation of spindle apparatus is an important event of metaphase stage. Colchicine is obtained from Colchicum autumnale. This drug does not allow spindle formation in a cell during cell division. Tubulin is mostly used to form the spindle fibres which is inhibited by the colchicine. It is also known as a mitotic poison.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The four daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis are?
    Solution
    • During meiosis, one cell divides twice to form four different daughter cells. These cells have only half the number of chromosomes of the parent. That is, they are haploid.
    • Meiosis produces gametes (eggs in females and sperm in the male). The four daughter cells produced are genetically dissimilar to the parent cell because the parent cell is always diploid while daughter cells are haploid in nature.

    So the correct option is C
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Who coined the term meiosis?
    Solution
    Correct option: D
    Explanation:

    The term meiosis was coined by Farmer and Moore. Meiosis is a reductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half, to produce haploid gametes (meiosis).
    • Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions: homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In which type of cell division two identical daughter cells are formed?
    Solution
    • Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells each of which contains the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell.
    • Meiosis gives rise to four daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes than parent cells.
    • In amitosis, although only two daughter cells are produced, they are not always identical to each other as genetic material (Chromosomal or DNA material) is unequally distributed between the two newly formed cells. 

    So the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Spindle apparatus is formed during which stage of mitosis?
    Solution
    The mitotic cell division is carried out in various stages. Coiling of chromatin material into distinct chromosomes is the most important event of prophase. Formation of spindle apparatus occurs during prometaphase stage. The spindle fibers attach to the centromere. 
    The nuclear membrane breaks apart into numerous "membrane vesicles", and the chromosomes inside form protein structures called kinetochores. Kinetochore microtubules emerging from the centrosomes at the poles (ends) of the spindle reach the chromosomes and attach to the kinetochores, throwing the chromosomes into agitated motion. Other spindle microtubules make contact with microtubules coming from the opposite pole. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The shape of chromosome is clearly visible/distinguishable at which of the following phase?
    Solution
    The mitosis is characterized by four major phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. 
    Anaphase chromosomes appear differently depending upon the position of their centromeres V shaped or metacentric l shaped or submetacentric J-shaped or acrocentric and I shaped or telocentric.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The meiotic process by which homologous chromosomes are paired, during prophase I is called as
    Solution
    Homologous chromosomes pair in a process called as synapsis during zygotene phase of prophase I of meiosis I. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis. When homologous chromosomes synapse, their ends are first attached to the nuclear envelope. These end-membrane complexes then migrate, assisted by the extranuclear cytoskeleton, until matching ends have been paired. Then the intervening regions of the chromosome are brought together, and may be connected by a protein-RNA complex .
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