Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 22

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Which of the following statement is incorrect about the cell cycle?

A
It consists of mitosis and interphase

B
The cell's DNA replicates during G$$_1$$ phase

C
A cell can remain in G$$_1$$ phase for weeks or much longer

D
Most proteins are formed throughout all subphases of interphase

Solution

A typical cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis. The interphase consists of G$$_1$$ phase, G$$_2$$ phase and S phase. During interphase, the cell prepares itself for division. The DNA replication occurs during S phase.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
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Which of the following is a type of coiling found during mitosis?

A
Plectonemic

B
Paranemic

C
Both A and B

D
None of the above

Solution

In plectonemic coils, the chromosomal fibrils are closely intertwined and they cannot be separated easily. The degree of coiling during cell division depends on the length of chromosomes. The type of coiling during mitosis is plectonemic. DNA supercoiling refers to the over- or under-winding of a DNA strand, and is an expression of the strain on that strand. Certain enzymes such as topoisomerases are able to change DNA topology to facilitate functions such as DNA replication or transcription.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
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Which of the following statement is true?

A
The daugbter cell receives two maternal and one paternal chromosomes.

B
The daughter cell receives both maternal and paternal chromosomes of the homologous pair.

C
The daughter cells receives only maternal or paternal chromosomes of the non homologous pair.

D
None of the above.
Question 4
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A stage in cell division is shown in the figure. Identify the stage of cell division with its characteristics.

A
Late anaphase - Chromosomes move away from equatorial plate, golgi complex not present

B
Cytokinesis - Cell plate formed mitochondria distributed between two daughter cells

C
Telophase - Endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolus not reformed yet

D
Telophase - Nuclear envelope reforms, golgi complex reforms

Solution

Telophase is the stage when chromosomes are located at opposite ends. It is the last stage of karyokinesis of mitotic cell division. The nuclear envelope and Golgi apparatus reform and the cell prepare for cytokinesis.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
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Necessity of meiosis II is

A
To reduce the number of chromosomes.

B
To induce haploidy of DNA.

C
To increase number of cells.

D
None of the above.

Solution

Meiosis comprises of two divisions- meiosis I and meiosis II. The meiosis I is reductional division in which the number of chromosomes are reduced to one half. Crossing over occurs during meiosis I. The meiosis II is simple division like mitosis and does not involves crossing over or reduction in number of chromosomes. The meiosis II serves to increase the number of daughter cells from 2 to 4.
Question 6
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Which of the following event occurs in meiosis?

A
Meiosis II reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

B
DNA replicates between meiosis I and II.

C
The exchange of genetic material takes place during meiosis I between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes.

D
Homologous chromosomes separate from one another in telophase I.
Solution
- Meiosis I (reductional division) not meiosis II reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
- No, DNA replicates only once that is before the start of the meiotic phase during the S phase. There is no DNA replication between meiosis I and II.
- Homologous chromosomes separate from one another in telophase I to divide into two daughter haploid cells.
- Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material during meiosis I between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
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The larger chromosomes get arranged, in which region of the metaphase plate?

A
Peripheral region

B
Variable from plant to plant

C
Central region

D
Not constant

Solution

The chromosomes are shortest, most tightly coiled and clearly visible during metaphase stage. During metaphase, all the chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plate. Studies have shown that the larger chromosomes are usually present on peripheral locations and smaller chromosomes are centrally located on the metaphase plate. This might correlate with the fact that larger chromosomes move slowly as compared to smaller chromosomes and the distance from polar centriole to the periphery of curved metaphase plate is lesser than the center of metaphase plate.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding meiosis.

A
No duplication of centromeres occur in meiosis I

B
Chromosomes do not duplicate in meiosis II

C
Both A and B

D
None of the above

Solution

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division which occurs in germ cells. In meiosis, two divisions occur following a single round of DNA duplication in S phase. The meiosis comprises of two divisions meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis, I, the homologous chromosomes separate, i.e., the number of centromeres in each daughter cell are reduced to half as compared to the parent cell. In meiosis II, each chromosome splits at the centromere as in mitosis. Thus, in meiosis II the number of chromosomes remain the same in daughter cell as in the parent cell.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
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Tetrads are formed, during .......... phase of meiosis.

A
Anaphase I

B
Prophase II

C
Prophase I

D
Anaphase II

Solution

The meiosis occurs in two stages meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is characterised by the pairing of homologous chromosomes, crossing over between homologous chromosomes and separation of homologous chromosomes, so that each daughter cell produced after meiosis I have one-half the chromosome number as compared to the parent cell. The prophase stage of meiosis I is very elaborate and these events occur during prophase stage of meiosis I.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
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In meiosis,

A
A single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei

B
The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus

C
The centromeres separate at the onset of anaphase I

D
Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase I
Solution
Solution:

Correct answer is option D.
Explanation for correct option:
- Meiosis comprises of two divisions meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is characterized by crossing over and reduction in the number of chromosomes to one-half.
- The homologous chromosomes synapse during prophase I.
- Synapsed chromosomes exchange segments. This process is called crossing over and gives rise to new combinations of genes.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 22

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 22

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Question 1

It consists of mitosis and interphase

The cell's DNA replicates during G$$_1$$ phase

A cell can remain in G$$_1$$ phase for weeks or much longer

Most proteins are formed throughout all subphases of interphase

Solution

Question 2

Plectonemic

Paranemic

Both A and B

None of the above

Solution

Question 3

The daugbter cell receives two maternal and one paternal chromosomes.

The daughter cell receives both maternal and paternal chromosomes of the homologous pair.

The daughter cells receives only maternal or paternal chromosomes of the non homologous pair.

None of the above.

Question 4

Late anaphase - Chromosomes move away from equatorial plate, golgi complex not present

Cytokinesis - Cell plate formed mitochondria distributed between two daughter cells

Telophase - Endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolus not reformed yet

Telophase - Nuclear envelope reforms, golgi complex reforms

Solution

Question 5

To reduce the number of chromosomes.

To induce haploidy of DNA.

To increase number of cells.

None of the above.

Solution

Question 6

Meiosis II reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

DNA replicates between meiosis I and II.

The exchange of genetic material takes place during meiosis I between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes separate from one another in telophase I.

Solution

Question 7

Peripheral region

Variable from plant to plant

Central region

Not constant

Solution

Question 8

No duplication of centromeres occur in meiosis I

Chromosomes do not duplicate in meiosis II

Both A and B

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

Anaphase I

Prophase II

Prophase I

Anaphase II

Solution

Question 10

A single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei

The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus

The centromeres separate at the onset of anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase I

Solution

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