Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 26

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Question 1
1 / -0

Two chromatids of metaphase chromosome represents which of the following?

A
Non-homologous chromosomes joined at centromere

B
Maternal and paternal chromosome joined at centromere

C
Replicated chromosomes to be separated at anaphase

D
None of the above

Solution

A normal cell cycle comprises of interphase (G$$_1$$ phase, S phase and G$$_2$$ phase) and M phase. During the S phase of interphase, the DNA duplicates due to replication. The duplication of DNA leads to the production of two chromatids joined at the centromere. The M phase comprises of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The chromatin material coils into distinct structures called chromosomes in the prophase. In the metaphase stage, chromosomes are arranged at the equator. Each chromosome comprises of two sister chromatids (produced due to DNA synthesis in the S phase) joined at the centromere. In the anaphase stage, the centromere splits and the two sister chromatids move to opposite poles.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

The cell-division also known as reduction cell-division is

A
Fission

B
Meiosis

C
Mitosis

D
Amitosis

Solution

Meiosis is a reductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half, to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions, homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
1 / -0

The DNA molecules of each chromosome replicates in

A
G$$_1$$ phase

B
G$$_2$$ phase

C
S phase

D
Mitotic phase

Solution

The interphase is characterized by G$$_1$$, S phase and G$$-2$$ phase. S-phase or the synthesis phase is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G$$_1$$ phase and G$$_2$$ phase.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
1 / -0

$$2n = 16$$ in a primary spermatocyte which is in metaphase of first meiotic division. What shall be the total number of chromatids in each of the secondary spermatocyte?

A
32

B
8

C
16

D
24

Solution

Spermatogonium (2N) divides by mitosis and we get primary spermatocyte (2N) and by meiosis from one primary spermatocyte (2N), we get two secondary spermatocytes (N).
Now, the number of chromosomes present in secondary spermatocyte is N and in one chromosome, there are two sister chromatids.
So, if there are 16 chromosomes in primary spermatocyte, the secondary spermatocyte will have half the number i.e.; 8 chromsomes and the chromatids will be 8*2 = 16.
Thus, the correct answer is '16'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following is a stage of interphase is characterized by an increase in the number of cell organelle?

A
G$$_1$$

B
S

C
G$$_2$$

D
G$$_0$$

Solution

A cell cycle is divided into two phases, namely interphase and mitosis. Interphase is divided into G$$_1$$ phase, S phase, G$$_2$$ phase. It also has G$$_0$$ phase. In G$$_1$$ phase, the cell increases in size. It is characterized by an increase in the number of cell organelle. In S phase, DNA replication takes place. It is also called as synthesis phase. In G$$_2$$ phase, cell continues to grow. It ensures that cell is ready to enter into the M phase. G$$_0$$ phase is the resting phase where cell does not divide.
Thus, the correct answer is 'G$$_1$$.'
Question 6
1 / -0

Which stages of cell division do the following figures A and B represent respectively?

A
Prophase - Anaphase

B
Metaphase - Telophase

C
Telophase - Metaphase

D
Late anaphase - Prophase

Solution

Mitosis is the process of cell division which involves 4 different phases such as Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and, Telophase.
During the prophase, the duplicated DNA is compactly packed into chromosomes and spindle formation occurs as shown in the 2nd image.
In the metaphase stage, nuclear membrane disrupts and the condensed chromosomes align in the metaphase plate in right angles to the spindle poles.
At the anaphase stage, the chromosome pairs completely move to opposite poles with the the help of microtubules in the spindle apparatus. This is perfectly depicted in the 1st image.
During the telophase stage, the spindle fibres lengthens more and the nuclear membrane reforms to form the nuclei enclosing the separated sister chromatids. And, later followed by cytokinesis which involves the division of cytoplasm and yields the 2 daughter cells.
Therefore, the above images depict the late anaphase and the prophase,
Question 7
1 / -0

During mitosis, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolus begin to disappear at which of the following phase?

A
Early prophase

B
Late prophase

C
Early metaphase

D
Late metaphase

Solution

Prophase is the most elaborate stage of cell division. Prophase is the longest of karyokinesis. In early prophase, chromatin condenses. In mid prophase, chromosomes shorten and become distinct with each having two chromatids attached to a narrow point called centromere. In late prophase, the centrosomes reach the poles, form asters and begin to develop spindle fibers. Endoplasmic reticulum and nucleolus along with major cell organelles degenerate.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

Cell division can not be stopped in .......... phase of the cell cycle.

A
G$$_1$$ phase

B
G$$_2$$ phase

C
S phase

D
Prophase

Solution

The interphase comprises of G$$_1$$, S and G$$_2$$ phase. In G$$_1$$ phase the cell has three options:
(a) Continue cell cycle and enter S phase,
(b) Stop cell cycle and enter quiescent stage or G$$_0$$ phase
(c) Stop cell cycle and undergo differentiation.
The S phase is known as a synthetic phase in which DNA undergoes replication. Because the DNA has replicated in S phase and the DNA content has become two times the normal content. The S phase must necessarily follow the mitotic phase. Thus, the S phase is the point of no return for a cell cycle and the cell must compulsorily divide in the M phase of cell cycle.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

DNA replication occurs in which of the following stages?

A
G$$_0$$ and G$$_1$$

B
G$$_2$$ stage

C
S stage

D
Mitotic phase

Solution

Interphase is characterized by three major phases G$$_1$$ (growth phase 1 or gap 1), S (synthesis) and G$$_2$$ (growth phase 2 or gap 2). S phase or the synthesis phase is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G$$_1$$ phase and G$$_2$$ phase. DNA replication occurs during this S or synthesis phase. Depending on levels of nutrients, energy, and external factors, cells must decide to enter the cell cycle or move into a non-dividing state known as G$$_0$$ phase.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
1 / -0

Nucleolar organizer is a

A
Primary constriction

B
Secondary constriction

C
Tertiary constriction

D
Centriole

Solution

The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) or nucleolar organizer is a chromosomal region around which the nucleolus forms. This region is the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after the nucleus divides. Nucleolus organizer regions are head-to-tail arrays of genes encoding the precursor of the three largest ribosomal RNAs. NORs include active rRNA genes, which give rise to secondary constrictions of metaphase chromosomes, and silent rRNA genes, which are often highly compacted in dense heterochromatin. At metaphase, a proteinaceous remnant of the nucleolus often remains associated with the secondary constriction. So, the nucleolar organizer is a secondary construction and not primary or tertiary construction and centriole.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 26

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 26

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Question 1

Non-homologous chromosomes joined at centromere

Maternal and paternal chromosome joined at centromere

Replicated chromosomes to be separated at anaphase

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

Fission

Meiosis

Mitosis

Amitosis

Solution

Question 3

G$$_1$$ phase

G$$_2$$ phase

S phase

Mitotic phase

Solution

Question 4

32

8

16

24

Solution

Question 5

G$$_1$$

S

G$$_2$$

G$$_0$$

Solution

Question 6

Prophase - Anaphase

Metaphase - Telophase

Telophase - Metaphase

Late anaphase - Prophase

Solution

Question 7

Early prophase

Late prophase

Early metaphase

Late metaphase

Solution

Question 8

G$$_1$$ phase

G$$_2$$ phase

S phase

Prophase

Solution

Question 9

G$$_0$$ and G$$_1$$

G$$_2$$ stage

S stage

Mitotic phase

Solution

Question 10

Primary constriction

Secondary constriction

Tertiary constriction

Centriole

Solution

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