Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 33

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Question 1
1 / -0

Crossing over generally takes place during

A
Amitosis

B
Mitosis

C
Meiosis

D
None of the above

Solution

Crossing over, or recombination, is the exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids in meiosis. Crossing over creates new combinations of genes in the gametes that are not found in either parent, contributing to genetic diversity.
Question 2
1 / -0

Centrosomes occurs in

A
Green plants

B
Bacteria

C
Animal cells

D
All of the above

Solution

Centrosomes are the cellular organelles which are involved in the formation of centrioles. The centrioles are the centres for the formation of the microtubules required for the spindle fibres formation during cell division. The centrosomes are present in the animal cells and absent in the bacterial and plant cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 3
1 / -0

Telomeres with repetitive DNA sequences

A
Act as replicons

B
Are transcription initiators

C
Help in chromosome pairing

D
Prevent chromosome loss

Solution

The ends of a linear chromosome are not readily replicated by cellular DNA polymerases. As we know that DNA polymerases requires a template and primer, and beyond the end of a linear DNA molecule no template is available for the pairing of an RNA primer. This may cause shortening of chromosomes during each replication cycle due to loss of its terminal. Telomeres are the structures present at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes and have many tandem copies of a short oligonucleotide sequence. This sequence has mostly guanine residues in one strand and cytosine in the complementary strand. The G-rich strand is longer leaving a region of single-stranded DNA of up to a few hundred nucleotides at the 3’ end which serves as the primer for its elongation by telomerase enzyme. Replicon is the unit of DNA that carries a replication origin site and a termination site and is able of self-replication. Transcription factors TFIIA (Stabilizes binding of TFIIB and TBP to the promoter), TFIIB (Binds to TBP; recruits Pol II–TFIIF complex), TFIIE (helicase activities) and TFIIF (prevents binding of Pol II to nonspecific DNA sequences) serve as transcription initiators. Synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous structure that appears between the homologous chromosomes and mediates synapsis. The correct answer is D.
Question 4
1 / -0

In diploid zygote, chromosome number is 40. Chromosome number in a gamete will be

A
10

B
20

C
30

D
40

Solution

Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called as ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called as sperm. Gametes are haploid cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome. These reproductive cells are produced through a type of cell division called meiosis. The chromosomes in the gamete will be 20 as the gametes are haploid
So, the correct answer is '20'
Question 5
1 / -0

The chromosome replication occurs during _________________

A
S phase

B
G$$_2$$ phase

C
Metaphase

D
Anaphase
Question 6
1 / -0

The stages in proper sequence of prophase I are

A
Diplotene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ leptotene

B
Leptotene $$\rightarrow$$ zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ diplotene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis

C
Leptotene $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis $$\rightarrow$$ diplotene

D
Zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ leptotene $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis $$\rightarrow$$ diplotene

Solution

Like mitosis, the first meiotic division is studied under four phases. These are prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I.
In prophase I, there are five sub-phases:
Leptotene- The first stage of the prophase of meiosis, during which each chromosome becomes visible as two fine threads (chromatids).
Zygotene- The stage in prophase of meiosis during which homologous chromosomes become paired. This pairing of homologous chromosomes is called as synapsis.
Pachytene- In pachytene, there occurs exchange of the corresponding segments non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This process is called as crossing over.
Diplotene- A stage of meiotic prophase in which homologous chromosome pairs begin to separate and chiasmata become visible.
Diakinesis- This stage is recognized by the highly condensed condition of the chromosomes, the homologous pair of which are held together by chiasmata. In some organisms, just before or during diakinesis, the chiasmata move to the ends of the chromosome arms (terminalization of chiasmata).
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which is the longest phase of cell cycle?

A
G$$_1$$ phase

B
G$$_2$$ phase

C
Prophase

D
Telophase

Solution

G$$_1$$ phase is also known as the first gap. It is usually the longest period of the cell cycle. However, in some embryonic cells that are rapidly dividing, G$$_1$$ might only last a few minutes. It synthesizes mRNA and proteins. So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

Meiosis is a process of cell division which

A
Results in an increase in the size of an organism

B
Occurs in the somatic as well as in the reproductive cells

C
Results in the formation of four daughter cells having half the chromosome number of the parent cell

D
Maintains the chromosome number of a particular spaces constant

Solution

All cells arise from other cells through the process of cell division. Meiosis is the cell division which results in the formation of four haploid cells from the diploid parent cell. .In general, this process involves a "parent" cell splitting into two or more "daughter" cells. Hence,meiosis is a process of cell division which results in the formation of four daughter cells having half the chromosome number of the parent cell
Question 9
1 / -0

A stage of mitosis in which chromosomes get arranged in the form of an equatorial plate in the centre of a dividing cell is called as

A
Prophase

B
Metaphase

C
Anaphase

D
Telophase

Solution

Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis. In this phase, the spindle fibres begin attaching to the condensed chromosomes. The microtubules adjust the chromosomes in such a way that they appear in a line called the metaphase plate in preparation for their segregation. Thus the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis, compare with their parent cell when it was in G$$_1$$ of the cell cycle?

A
The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA

B
The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA

C
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA

D
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and same amount of DNA

Solution

The DNA is replicated in the S-phase of interphase which takes place before mitotic phase. Two copies of the DNA are synthesized and distributed into the two daughter cells which are formed after mitotic division. The mitosis is the equational division in which the parent cell and the daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA and number of chromosomes.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 33

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 33

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Question 1

Amitosis

Mitosis

Meiosis

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

Green plants

Bacteria

Animal cells

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Act as replicons

Are transcription initiators

Help in chromosome pairing

Prevent chromosome loss

Solution

Question 4

10

20

30

40

Solution

Question 5

S phase

G$$_2$$ phase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Question 6

Diplotene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ leptotene

Leptotene $$\rightarrow$$ zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ diplotene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis

Leptotene $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis $$\rightarrow$$ diplotene

Zygotene $$\rightarrow$$ leptotene $$\rightarrow$$ pachytene $$\rightarrow$$ diakinesis $$\rightarrow$$ diplotene

Solution

Question 7

G$$_1$$ phase

G$$_2$$ phase

Prophase

Telophase

Solution

Question 8

Results in an increase in the size of an organism

Occurs in the somatic as well as in the reproductive cells

Results in the formation of four daughter cells having half the chromosome number of the parent cell

Maintains the chromosome number of a particular spaces constant

Solution

Question 9

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Solution

Question 10

The daughter cells have half the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA

The daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA

The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and same amount of DNA

Solution

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