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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 37

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 37
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  • Question 1
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    During the $${G}_{1}$$-phase of cell division
    Solution
    $$G_1$$ phase is the first phase out of the four phases ($$G_1$$, S, $$G_2$$, M phases) of the cell cycle. It is a part of the interphase, where the cells synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to cell division.
  • Question 2
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    Which of the following stages marks the reverse effect of prophase and prometaphase?
    Solution
    During telophase, the effects of prophase and prometaphase are reversed. Two daughter nuclei form in each daughter cell, and phosphatases de-phosphorylate the nuclear lamins at the ends of the cell, forming nuclear envelopes around each nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Cell division cannot be stopped in which phase of the cell cycle?
    Solution
    The interphase comprises of G$$_1$$, S and G$$_2$$ phase. In G$$_1$$ phase the a cell has three options:
    (a) Continue cell cycle and enter S phase, 
    (b) Stop cell cycle and enter quiescent stage or G$$_0$$ phase 
    (c) Stop cell cycle and undergo differentiation. 
    The S phase is known as synthetic phase, in which DNA undergoes replication. As  the DNA has replicates in S phase, the DNA content has become two times the normal content. The S phase must necessarily follow the S phase. Thus, the S phase is point of no return for a cell cycle and the cell must divide in the M phase of the cell cycle.
  • Question 4
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    The chromosome of .......... is one of the main tools in cancer studies. 
    Solution
    A chromosome is composed of DNA and proteins. DNA are the hereditary units which mainly carries the information from one generation to the other. The functional segments of the DNA are known as genes. Proteins are mainly present as histones which form a complex structure known as a nucleosome.
    The analysis of metaphase chromosomes is one of the main tools of classical cytogenetics and cancer studies. Chromosomes are condensed (thickened) and highly coiled in metaphase, which makes them most suitable for visual analysis. So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
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    The protein synthesis in G$$_1$$ phase is required for 
    Solution
    During G$$_1$$ phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and proteins (Known as histones) that are required for DNA synthesis. Once the required proteins and growth are complete, the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle, S phase. So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which phase comes in between the G$$1$$ and G$$2$$ phases of cell cycle?
    Solution
    Answer is option C i.e. "S-phase"
    A typical cell cycle comprises of interphase and mitosis. Interphase comprises of G$$_1$$ or first growth phase, Synthesis or S phase and second growth phase or G$$_2$$ phase. G$$_1$$ phase starts after cytokinesis, S phase starts after G$$_1$$ phase and is followed by second growth phase or G$$_2$$ phase.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which phase of interphase involves in protein synthesis required for DNA replication?
    Solution
    G$$_1$$ (Gap 1) is the phase when the cell grows and functions normally. During this time, a large amount of protein synthesis occurs required for the DNA replication and the volume of the cytoplasm increases. If the cell is not to divide again, it will enter G$$_0$$. So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    What is the significance of meiosis?
    Solution
    • Meiosis is a reductional division that leads to the production of haploid cells. 
    • The chromosomal segments are exchanged during the crossing over which is the main cause of variation. 
    • All the four chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes segregate and go over separately to four different daughter cells.
    • This leads to variation in the daughter cells genetically.

      So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The bulk of histone proteins are synthesized in
    Solution
    A normal cell cycle comprises of interphase and mitosis. The interphase normally comprises of first growth phase (G-11 phase) which starts immediately after the cytokinesis, synthesis phase (S phase) and second growth phase (G-22 phase). The DNA synthesis or DNA replication occurs during S phase. DNA synthesis occurs through DNA replication. This is followed by synthesis of histones. Synthesis of other biochemicals also continues. Centrioles replicate towards the end of S phase or beginning of G-22 phase.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    In cell division, spindle fibres are made up of protein
    Solution
    Spindle fibres are the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells, that are formed during cell division. It contracts and expands to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is made up of microtubules, which are composed of protein tubulin.  In cilia, the microtubules are arranged in 9+2 arrangement.
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