Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 39

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Question 1
1 / -0

What is the source of genes in an offspring that is produced as a result of sexual reproduction?

A
The offspring gets a full set of genes from the mother and from the father

B
The offspring gets half the genes from the mother and half the genes from the father

C
The offspring gets a random mixture of genes from the mother and father

D
The offspring gets all of its genes from the mother

Solution

The offspring gets half the genes from the mother and half the genes from the father. Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divides to generate four haploid cells often called gametes. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and therefore occurs in all eukaryotes (including single-celled organisms) that reproduce sexually.
In meiosis I, chromosomes in a diploid cell resegregate, producing four haploid daughter cells. It is this step in meiosis that generates genetic diversity. DNA replication precedes the start of meiosis I. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses, a step unique to meiosis.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
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Choose the correct statement about meiosis.

A
The result of meiosis is a zygote

B
Only somatic cells undergo meiosis

C
Meiosis restores the original haploid condition of a population

D
Meiosis typically results in genetic variation among the gametes produced

E
The products of meiosis are always four cells identical to the parent cell

Solution

Meiosis is important because it ensures that all organisms produced via sexual reproduction contain the correct number of chromosomes. Meiosis also produces genetic variation by way of the process of recombination. During prophase of meiosis I, the double-chromatid homologous pairs of chromosomes cross over with each other and often exchange chromosome segments. This recombination creates genetic diversity by allowing genes from each parent to intermix, resulting in chromosomes with a different genetic complement.Because of recombination and independent assortment in meiosis, each gamete contains a different set of DNA. This produces a unique combination of genes resulting in zygote.
So,the correct option is 'D'.
Question 3
1 / -0

The cytoplasm divides at

A
Mitosis

B
Prophase

C
Cytokinesis

D
Interphase

E
Metaphase

Solution

Cytokinesis involves the division of cytoplasm after karyokinesis. It mainly starts at anaphase but continues till telophase. During telophase, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to separate the nuclear DNA from the cytoplasm. The chromosomes begin to uncoil, which makes them diffuse and less compact. Along with telophase, the cell undergoes a separate process called cytokinesis that divides the cytoplasm of the parental cell into two daughter cells. In the animal cell the cytokinesis takes place by formation of furrow while, phragmoplast formation takes place in plants.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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What number of chromosomes are present in a gamete as compared to that of a parent cell after meiosis?

A
Twice

B
Three times

C
The same as

D
One-half

E
One-quarter

Solution

Meiosis is a reductional cell division. It mainly takes place in the reproductive cell and reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Meiosis begins with a parent cell that is diploid, which means it has two copies of each chromosome. The parent cell then undergoes one round of DNA replication which is followed by two separate cycles of nuclear division. The process results in four daughter cells that are haploid, which means they contain half the number of chromosomes of the diploid parent cell. So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
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What number of mature egg cells are produced as a result of meiosis in humans?

A
1

B
2

C
3

D
4

E
6

Solution

During fetal development, few germinal cells in human ovary differentiate and divide mitotically to produce egg mother cell/oogonia. Oogonia become larger and divide to produce primary oocytes. In follicular prenatal phase, the primary oocytes start first meiotic division but are transitionally suspended into prophase stage of meiosis I and are stored in the follicle. After puberty, primary spermatocyte resumes the division and completion of first meiotic division produce one secondary oocyte (egg cell) and one polar body (nonfunctional cell).
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
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Which of the following is true for a typical human gamete?
l. It contains a haploid number of genes
ll. It will always contain an X or a Y chromosome
lll. It is a result of mitosis
lV. It has undergone genetic recombination

A
l and ll only

B
l and lll only

C
ll and lll only

D
ll, lll and lV only

E
l,ll and lV only

Solution

A human gamete is a haploid cell which consists half number of chromosome (gene). It is formed by the meiosis in spermatogonia or oogonia. Male gametes contain either X chromosome or Y chromosome where female gametes contain only X chromosome. During fertilization male and female gamete is fused to form diploid zygote where genetic recombination takes place. So, the correct answer is option E.
Question 7
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Identify the correct order of phases for the cell cycle?
I. G$$_2$$ phase- growth and preparation for mitosis
II. Mitosis
III. G$$_1$$phase- cell growth
IV. S phase - DNA copied
V. Cytokinesis

A
III, IV, I, II, V

B
III, I, IV, V, II

C
II, III, I, IV, V

D
IV, III, I , II, V

E
V, III, IV, I, II

Solution

The correct order of phases of cell cycle: Interphase (G₁, S, and G₂ phases), mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis), and G₀ phase.
G$$_1$$ phase also called the first gap phase, the cell grows larger and makes more of its ribosomes, organelles, and proteins. This phase ensures that division will produce functional daughter cells, ones that are the right size and have all the parts they need.

S phase. In order to divide, a cell also needs to make a copy of its genetic material, allowing it to give one full set to each of its two daughter cells. To accomplish this, the cell moves from G$$_1$$ into a phase called S phase, during which it synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

Once DNA synthesis is complete, the cell enters a second gap phase, called G$$_2$$ phase. During this period, the cell grows more, makes additional proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis, the separation of the copied DNA into two equal sets. G

Interphase alternates with mitotic (M) phase. During M phase, the cell divides its copied nuclear DNA and cytoplasm to form two new cells. M phase is further divided into two phases: mitosis and cytokinesis.

In mitosis, the nuclear DNA of the cell condenses into visible chromosomes and is pulled apart by the mitotic spindle, a specialized structure made out of microtubules. Mitosis takes place in four stages: prophase metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

In cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell is split in two, making two new cells. Cytokinesis usually begins just as mitosis is ending, with a little overlap.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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A set of genetic material for both daughter cells are provided by the replication of chromosomes at

A
Mitosis

B
Prophase

C
Cytokinesis

D
Interphase

E
Metaphase

Solution

A typical cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis. The interphase consists of G$$_1$$ phase, G$$_2$$ phase, and S phase. During interphase, the cell prepares itself for the division. The DNA replication occurs during S phase of the interphase, while G$$_1$$ and G$$_2$$ phase is involved for the synthesis of proteins and RNA.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
1 / -0

The correct order of the various phases of eukaryotic cell cycle is ____________.

A
G$${_1}$$ to S to G$${_2}$$ to M to cytokinesis

B
G$${_1}$$ to G$${_2}$$ to M to S to mitosis

C
G$${_1}$$ to G$${_2}$$ to S to M to karyokinesis

D
S to G$${_1}$$ to G$${_2}$$ to M to cytokinesis

E
G$${_2}$$ to M to S to G$${_1}$$ to cytokinesis
Question 10
1 / -0

The replication of DNA takes place during which phase
(I) Mitosis
(II) G$$_1$$phase
(III) S phase

A
I only

B
II only

C
III only

D
I and III only

E
I, II and III

Solution

DNA replication in most eukaryotic cells occurs, only during a specific part of the cell division cycle called the DNA synthesis phase or S phase. In a mammalian cell, the S phase typically lasts for about 8 hours. In simpler eukaryotic cells such as yeasts, the S phase can be as short as 40 minutes. By its end, each chromosome has been replicated to produce two complete copies, which remain joined together at their centromeres until the M phase (mitosis), which soon follows.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 39

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 39

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Question 1

The offspring gets a full set of genes from the mother and from the father

The offspring gets half the genes from the mother and half the genes from the father

The offspring gets a random mixture of genes from the mother and father

The offspring gets all of its genes from the mother

Solution

Question 2

The result of meiosis is a zygote

Only somatic cells undergo meiosis

Meiosis restores the original haploid condition of a population

Meiosis typically results in genetic variation among the gametes produced

The products of meiosis are always four cells identical to the parent cell

Solution

Question 3

Mitosis

Prophase

Cytokinesis

Interphase

Metaphase

Solution

Question 4

Twice

Three times

The same as

One-half

One-quarter

Solution

Question 5

1

2

3

4

6

Solution

Question 6

l and ll only

l and lll only

ll and lll only

ll, lll and lV only

l,ll and lV only

Solution

Question 7

III, IV, I, II, V

III, I, IV, V, II

II, III, I, IV, V

IV, III, I , II, V

V, III, IV, I, II

Solution

Question 8

Mitosis

Prophase

Cytokinesis

Interphase

Metaphase

Solution

Question 9

G$${_1}$$ to S to G$${_2}$$ to M to cytokinesis

G$${_1}$$ to G$${_2}$$ to M to S to mitosis

G$${_1}$$ to G$${_2}$$ to S to M to karyokinesis

S to G$${_1}$$ to G$${_2}$$ to M to cytokinesis

G$${_2}$$ to M to S to G$${_1}$$ to cytokinesis

Question 10

I only

II only

III only

I and III only

I, II and III

Solution

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