Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 45

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Question 1
1 / -0

It is very difficult to stop Cell division when the cell has entered

A
$$G_1$$-phase

B
$$G_2$$-phase

C
$$S$$-phase

D
Prophase

Solution

The interphase comprises of G1, S and G2 phase. In G1 phase the a cell has three options:
(a) Continue cell cycle and enter S phase,
(b) Stop cell cycle and enter quiescent stage or G0 phase
(c) Stop cell cycle and undergo differentiation.
The S phase is known as synthetic phase, in which DNA undergoes replication. As the DNA has replicates in S phase, the DNA content has become two times the normal content. The S phase must necessarily follow the S phase. Thus, the S phase is point of no return for a cell cycle and the cell must divide in the M phase of the cell cycle.
So, the correct option is 'C'.
Question 2
1 / -0

The stage at which DNA/chromosome replication occurs is

A
Prophase

B
Interphase

C
Metaphase

D
Previous telophase.

Solution

Interphase, a phase of the cell cycle, is the one in which a cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. The cell obtains nutrients, uses them to grow and conducts other "normal" cell functions. It was previously known as the resting phase although the cell is preparing for cell division at a later stage. It is divided into three phases:
1. G1 (first gap) - cell grows and functions normally. During G1, large amount of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows (to approximately double its original size) - a number of organelles are produced and the volume of the cytoplasm increases. Also, certain intracellular components, such as the centrosomes undergo replication. It is an intermediate phase occupying the time between the end of cell division in mitosis and the beginning of DNA replication during S phase. During, G1, a review of the cellular environment occurs and only when the cell is ready, it enters the next phase. If not, cells enter G0 phase and can pause indefinitely at this phase.
2. S (synthesis) - the cell duplicates its DNA
3. G2 (second gap) - the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
Question 3
1 / -0

The decision for cell division is taken

A
Before the start of prophase

B
$$G_1- phase$$

C
$$S-phase$$

D
$$G_2-phase$$
Solution
- The decision for cell division is taken in G1-phase. G1-phase is an intermediate phase occupying the time between the end of cell division in mitosis and the beginning of DNA replication during the S phase.
- During this time, the cell grows in preparation for DNA replication, and certain intracellular components, such as the centrosomes undergo replication.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which specific protein is formed in $$G_2-phase$$ ?

A
Histone

B
DNA-polymerase

C
Scaffold proteins

D
Tubulin

Solution

Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third sub phase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. $$G_1$$ phase specifically stores ATP and enzymes, while histone protein is synthesized in S phase and tubulin synthesis begins in $$G_2$$ phase.
So, the correct option is 'D'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Cell cycle was discovered by

A
Farmer and Moore

B
Prevost and Dumas

C
Howard and Pelc

D
Remak

Solution

Howard and Pelc were the first to describe a timeframe to cellular life and they proposed the existence of four periods in the cell cycle: a period of cell division, the pre-S-phase (called G1), the S-phase (a period of DNA synthesis) and period G2, or the pre-mitotic period.
So, the correct option is 'C'.
Question 6
1 / -0

In mitotic metaphase the limbs of the chromosomes occur

A
On the equator

B
In different directions

C
In divaricate condition

D
All the above

Solution

In mitotic metaphase, contraction of chromosomal spindle fibres results in the organisation of chromosomes along the equator of the spindle. In this, centromeres lie along the equator of the spindle, limbs of the chromosomes occur in different directions.
So the correct answer is 'In different directions'.
Question 7
1 / -0

In animal cytokinesis, cleavage occurs with the help of

A
Microtubules

B
Spindle fibres

C
Microfibrils

D
Microfilaments
Question 8
1 / -0

The cell size doubles in a stage of cell called

A
M

B
$$G_2$$

C
S

D
$$G_1$$

Solution

Interphase, a phase of the cell cycle, is the one in which a cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. The cell obtains nutrients, uses them to grow and conducts other "normal" cell functions. It was previously known as the resting phase although the cell is preparing for cell division at a later stage. It is divided into three phases:
1. G1 (first gap) - cell grows and functions normally. During G1, the large amount of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows (to approximately double its original size) - a number of organelles are produced and the volume of the cytoplasm increases.
2. S (synthesis) - the cell duplicates its DNA
3. G2 (second gap) - the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division
Hence, the correct answer is Option D.
Question 9
1 / -0

Phase of shortest duration is

A
Prophase

B
Metaphase

C
Anaphase

D
S-phase

Solution

Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. These phases occur in this strict sequential order, and cytokinesis - the process of dividing the cell contents to make two new cells - starts in anaphase or telophase.
1. Prophase - During prophase, chromosomes get visible (chromatids), the centrioles migrate to the poles, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear and spindle formation is seen. Cells spend 14 % of the cell cycle in this phase
which is the next largest amount of time spent in a phase after interphase.
2. Metaphase - During this, chromosomes lineup around the centre (Cells in metaphase have the chromosomes, which appear as long thin strands under the microscope). Metaphase takes about 4 percent of the time required for the completion of a cell cycle.
3. Anaphase - here, chromatids separate and move to opposite poles by spindle fibers. This allows each daughter cell to have an identical copy of each of the original cell’s chromosomes. This phase only takes about 0.8 percent of the cell cycle to complete, which is the shortest time required out of all the phases.
4. Telophase - During this phase, chromosomes disappear (become chromatin), nuclear membrane reforms, nucleoli reappears, spindle disappears and centrioles duplicate. Telophase takes up about 3 percent of the cell cycle.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
1 / -0

Each cell grows during the cell cycle in

A
Interphase

B
Prophase

C
Metaphase

D
Anaphase

Solution

Interphase, a phase of the cell cycle, is the one in which a cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. The cell obtains nutrients, uses them to grow and conducts other "normal" cell functions. It was previously known as the resting phase although the cell is preparing for cell division at a later stage. It is divided into three phases:
1. G1 (first gap) - cell grows and functions normally. During G1, the large amount of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows (to approximately double its original size) - a number of organelles are produced and the volume of the cytoplasm increases.
2. S (synthesis) - the cell duplicates its DNA
3. G2 (second gap) - the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 45

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 45

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Question 1

$$G_1$$-phase

$$G_2$$-phase

$$S$$-phase

Prophase

Solution

Question 2

Prophase

Interphase

Metaphase

Previous telophase.

Solution

Question 3

Before the start of prophase

$$G_1- phase$$

$$S-phase$$

$$G_2-phase$$

Solution

Question 4

Histone

DNA-polymerase

Scaffold proteins

Tubulin

Solution

Question 5

Farmer and Moore

Prevost and Dumas

Howard and Pelc

Remak

Solution

Question 6

On the equator

In different directions

In divaricate condition

All the above

Solution

Question 7

Microtubules

Spindle fibres

Microfibrils

Microfilaments

Question 8

M

$$G_2$$

S

$$G_1$$

Solution

Question 9

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

S-phase

Solution

Question 10

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Solution

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