Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 47

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Question 1
1 / -0

Disjunction is ________.

A
Chromosome aberration involving deletion

B
Modification of gene action by a non-allelic gene

C
Separation of homologous chromosomes at anaphase

D
Incompatibility of genes

Solution

Anaphase-I is a step in meiosis-I. In this phase two chromosomes of each bivalent separate and move towards the opposite poles due to spindle action. In anaphase-II of meiosis-II, the sister chromatids are pulled apart. This separation of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids in anaphase-I and II respectively is called disjunction.
So, the correct option is 'C'.
Question 2
1 / -0

DNA/chromosome replication/chromatid formation takes place during

A
$$G_1- phase$$

B
$$G_2- phase$$

C
$$S- phase$$

D
Prophase

Solution

Interphase is characterized is by three phases $$G_1$$ phase, S phase, and $$G_2$$
phase. It is the synthesis phase, during which DNA in each chromosome replicates producing the second chromatid. The two chromatids are known as sister chromatids. DNA replication occurs in the S- phase.
So, the correct option is 'C'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Meiosis involves

A
Two nuclear divisions and one chromosome division

B
One nuclear division and one chromosome division

C
One nuclear division and two chromosome divisions

D
Two nuclear divisions and two chromosome divisions

Solution

Meiosis is the cell division which results in the formation of four haploid cells from the diploid parent cell. There are two phases, meiosis I and meiosis II. The nuclear division occurs twice. There is a breaking of the chromosomes only in the anaphase II of meiosis II. In meiosis I, there is a separation of chromosomes towards opposite pole without breaking of the centromere. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
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Stages in proper sequence of Prophase I are

A
Zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis and Diplotene

B
Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis

C
Leptotene, Pachytene, Zygotene, Diakinesis and Diplotene

D
Diplotene, Diakinesis, Pachytene, Zygotene and Leetotene

Solution

Prophase 1 of meiosis is the first stage of meiosis and is defined by five different phases- leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis. Leptotene is the first of five stages of Prophase 1. Second stage is zygotene. Third and fourth is pachytene, diplotene respectively. The last one is diakinesis.
So, the correct answer is 'Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis'
Question 5
1 / -0

Nuclear envelope reappears at

A
Metaphase

B
Anaphase

C
Cytokinesis

D
Telophase

Solution

Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. These phases occur in this strict sequential order, and cytokinesis - the process of dividing the cell contents to make two new cells - starts in anaphase or telophase.
1. Prophase - During prophase, chromosomes get visible (chromatids),the centrioles migrate to the poles, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear and spindle formation is seen. Prophase in mitosis is longer than any other phases of mitosis because the cell has to prepare for actual division that takes place from early through late prophase.
2. Metaphase - During this, chromosomes lineup around the centre (Cells in metaphase have the chromosomes, which appear as long thin strands under the microscope).
3. Anaphase - here, chromatids separate and move to opposite poles by spindle fibers. This allows each daughtercell to have an identical copy of each of the original cell’s chromosomes.
4.Telophase - During this phase, chromosomes disappear (become chromatin), nuclear membrane reforms, nucleoli reappears, spindle disappears and centrioles duplicate. Hence, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

In meiosis, the daughter cells differ from parent cell as well as amongst themselves due to

A
Segregation, independent assortment and crossing over

B
Segregation and crossing over

C
Independent assortment and crossing over

D
Segregation and independent assortment

Solution

In meiosis, the daughter cells differ from parent cell as well as amongst themselves due to segregation, independent assortment and crossing over. Daughter cells inhibit variations. Meiosis leads to recombinations or new combinations of genes or characters as a result of crossing over. Due to these recombinations, variations are created, which have role in process of evolution.
So, the correct option is 'A'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Histone protein synthesis occurs during

A
$$G_1- phase$$

B
$$G_2-phase$$

C
$$S-phase$$

D
Prophase
Solution
During the S phase or synthetic phase of interphase, replication of DNA and synthesis of histone proteins occur.
New histones are required in massive amounts immediately at the beginning of the S period of DNA synthesis to provide the new DNA with nucleosomes.
So, the correct option is 'C'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Reorganisation of genetic material or genetic recombination occurs during

A
Metamorphosis

B
Organogenesis

C
Mitosis

D
Meiosis

Solution

The sexual reordering of DNA is the basic switching of maternal and paternal DNA. Such crossing over of two chromosome inherited from one's parents occurs during meiosis. When a pair of chromosomes "recombine" during sex cell formation, in the simplest case, genetic information on the paternal chromosome is switched with information on the maternal one, and vice versa. The two 'daughter' chromosomes that result are not identical to either of the original parental ones.
Thus D is the correct option.
Question 9
1 / -0

Meiosis can be studied in angiosperms in

A
Dividing pollen mother cells in anther

B
Dividing cells of vascular cambium

C
Shoot apical meristem

D
Root apical meristem

Solution

The pollen mother cells in the anther are the reproductive cells. These cells can undergo meiotic division known as microsporogenesis and produce pollen grains which are the male gametophytes. The male gametes are produced in the male gametophyte by mitotic division. The pollen mother cells can be isolated in order to study meiotic division and formation of pollen grains.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Mitotic anaphase differs from metaphase in possessing

A
Same number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids.

B
Half number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids.

C
Half number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids.

D
Same number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 47

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 47

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Question 1

Chromosome aberration involving deletion

Modification of gene action by a non-allelic gene

Separation of homologous chromosomes at anaphase

Incompatibility of genes

Solution

Question 2

$$G_1- phase$$

$$G_2- phase$$

$$S- phase$$

Prophase

Solution

Question 3

Two nuclear divisions and one chromosome division

One nuclear division and one chromosome division

One nuclear division and two chromosome divisions

Two nuclear divisions and two chromosome divisions

Solution

Question 4

Zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis and Diplotene

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis

Leptotene, Pachytene, Zygotene, Diakinesis and Diplotene

Diplotene, Diakinesis, Pachytene, Zygotene and Leetotene

Solution

Question 5

Metaphase

Anaphase

Cytokinesis

Telophase

Solution

Question 6

Segregation, independent assortment and crossing over

Segregation and crossing over

Independent assortment and crossing over

Segregation and independent assortment

Solution

Question 7

$$G_1- phase$$

$$G_2-phase$$

$$S-phase$$

Prophase

Solution

Question 8

Metamorphosis

Organogenesis

Mitosis

Meiosis

Solution

Question 9

Dividing pollen mother cells in anther

Dividing cells of vascular cambium

Shoot apical meristem

Root apical meristem

Solution

Question 10

Same number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids.

Half number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids.

Half number of chromosomes and same number of chromatids.

Same number of chromosomes and half number of chromatids.

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