Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 63

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Question 1
1 / -0

During meiosis I, chromosome number

A
Is reduced to half

B
Doubles up

C
Remains the same

D
Either A or B

Solution

Meiosis is the type of cell division by which gamete cells (eggs and sperms) are produced. Meiosis involves two successive nuclear divisions and one cytoplasmic division that produce four haploid cells. The first division (meiosis) is the reductional division during which number of chromosomes is reduced to half. The second division (meiosis II) separates the chromatids. It is called equational division as chromosomes number remains the same as produced after meiosis I.
So, the correct answer is 'Is reduced to half'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is not a feature of meiosis?

A
Meiosis involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division, meiosis I and meiosis II but only a single cycle of DNA replication.

B
Meiosis I is initiated after the parental chromosomes have replicated to produce identical sister chromatids at the S - phase.

C
Meiosis involves pairing of non-homologous chromosomes and recombination between them.

D
Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis II.

Solution

Meiosis, as we know, is called as Reductional division where the number of chromosomes is reduced to half from parent to daughter cell. It involves two cycles - Meiosis I and Meiosis II where nuclear and cell division takes place but DNA replication takes place once only. While meiosis I take place after the cell has completed the replication of DNA of parent material and thus identical sister chromatids is formed. While since it is a reductional division so we know four daughter cells are formed having half the number of chromosomes as of parent cell. Moreover, Meiosis never involves the pairing of non-homologous chromosomes and no recombination occurs between them.
So, the Incorrect statement with respect to meiosis is 'Meiosis involves the pairing of non-homologous chromosomes and recombination between them.'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Meiosis consists of

A
Two cell divisions without any DNA replication

B
Two cell divisions in which chromosome number in reduced to half

C
Two cell divisions with only two rounds of chromosome replication

D
A single cell division with chromosome replication.

Solution

Meiosis is a double division that occurs in the reproductive cell in which nucleus divide but chromosome replicate only once to form four haploid cells, each cell having half the number of chromosomes present in a parent cell. It causes a reduction in the number of chromosomes. It is also known as reduction division.Meiosis in a cell occurs only once to form gametes.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Two cell divisions in which chromosome number is reduced to half.'
Question 4
1 / -0

Select the correct option:
Refer to the given stages A, B, C and D of meiosis I and select the incorrect statement regarding them.

A
The last stage of A diakinesis which is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata.

B
In stage B, microtubules from the opposite poles of the spindle attach to the pair of homologous chromosomes.

C
In stage C, homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres.

D
In stage D, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, cytokinesis follows and this is called as dyad of cellls.

Solution

In the given figure A, B, C, and D represent prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I, of meiosis I respectively. In telophase stage of meiosis I nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear, cytokinesis follows and this is called dyad of cells.
So, the correct answer is 'In stage D, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, cytokinesis follows and this is called as dyad of cells'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Select the correct option:
If 2n = 4, then identify the figures A, B and C, as per the following codes and select the correct option.
Anaphase of meiosis I = (i)
Anaphase of mitosis = (ii)
Anaphase of meiosis ll = (iii)

A
A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii)

B
A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i)

C
A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii)

D
A - (iii), B - (i), C - (ii)

Solution

During anaphase or mitosis each chromosome arranged at metaphase plate is split and two daughter chromatids are formed. Centromeres split and chromatids move to opposite poles. During anaphase I of meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres. Anaphase II of meiosis II begins with a simultaneous splitting of the centromere of each chromosomes allowing them to move towards the opposite of the cell.
So, the correct answer is 'A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii)'.
Question 6
1 / -0

The term "meiosis" was given by

A
Johannsen

B
Knoll and Ruska

C
A.Flemming

D
Farmer and Moore

Solution

Meiosis is a double division that occurs in a diploid reproductive cell in which nucleus divides twice but chromosome replicate only once to form four haploid cells, each having the half number of chromosomes present in the parent cell. It causes reduction. It is also known as reductional division and meiosis was first demonstrated by Van Beneden. The term was given by Farmer and Moore.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Farmer and Moore.'
Question 7
1 / -0

During meiosis I in humans, one of the daughter cells receives

A
Only maternal chromosomes

B
A mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes

C
Same number of chromosomes as present in parent cell

D
None of the above

Solution

During pachytene sub-stage of meiosis -I, crossing over i.e. exchange of genetic material take place between homologous chromosomes, which results in recombinations. The two homologous chromosomes are contributed by different parents. One of them is paternal chromosome and the other one is maternal chromosome.
So, the correct answer is 'A mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Four phases of cell cycle in sequence are

A
$$G_1 \rightarrow S \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow M$$

B
$$S \rightarrow G_1 \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow M$$

C
$$G_1 \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow S \rightarrow M$$

D
$$M \rightarrow G_1 \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow S.$$

Solution

A typical eukaryotic somatic cell has two main stages: a long undividing state called interphase and a shorter phase of nuclear division termed M phase or mitotic phase.
Interphase is further divided into three periods: First gap or G$$_1$$ phase, synthetic phase or S phase and second gap or G$$_2$$ phase.
1. G$$_1$$ phase: It is a stage of inital growth of a newly formed cell.
2. S phase: It is a stage of replication of each chromosome by synthesis of a new DNA molecule on the template of the exisiting DNA.
3. G$$_2$$ phase: It is a stage of further growth of the cell and preparation for its division.
4. M phase: It follows the interphase. It is aimed at orderly distribution of the already duplicated chromosomes among the two daughter nucleus.
So, the correct answer is 'G$$_1$$ $$\rightarrow$$S$$\rightarrow$$G$$_2$$$$\rightarrow$$M'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Meiosis does not occur in

A
Asexually reproducing diploid individuals

B
Sexually reproducing haploid individuals

C
Sexually reproducing diploid individuals

D
All of the above

Solution

Meiosis is the process by which one diploid eukaryotic cell divides to generate four haploid cells often called gametes. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and therefore occurs in all eukaryotes that reproduce sexually. Meiosis does not occur in archaea or bacteria, which reproduce via asexual processes such as mitosis or binary fission.
So, the correct option is 'Asexually reproducing diploid individuals'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Meiosis in diploid organism result in

A
Production of gametes

B
Reduction in the number of chromosomes

C
Introduction of variation

D
All of the above

Solution

Meiosis is cell division responsible for production of gametes through reductional division which result in halving of the number of chromosomes. The crossing over that takes place in pachytene (prophase I , meiosis I) results in introduction of variation.

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 63

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Question 1

Is reduced to half

Doubles up

Remains the same

Either A or B

Solution

Question 2

Meiosis involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division, meiosis I and meiosis II but only a single cycle of DNA replication.

Meiosis I is initiated after the parental chromosomes have replicated to produce identical sister chromatids at the S - phase.

Meiosis involves pairing of non-homologous chromosomes and recombination between them.

Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis II.

Solution

Question 3

Two cell divisions without any DNA replication

Two cell divisions in which chromosome number in reduced to half

Two cell divisions with only two rounds of chromosome replication

A single cell division with chromosome replication.

Solution

Question 4

The last stage of A diakinesis which is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata.

In stage B, microtubules from the opposite poles of the spindle attach to the pair of homologous chromosomes.

In stage C, homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres.

In stage D, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, cytokinesis follows and this is called as dyad of cellls.

Solution

Question 5

A - (ii), B - (i), C - (iii)

A - (iii), B - (ii), C - (i)

A - (i), B - (ii), C - (iii)

A - (iii), B - (i), C - (ii)

Solution

Question 6

Johannsen

Knoll and Ruska

A.Flemming

Farmer and Moore

Solution

Question 7

Only maternal chromosomes

A mixture of maternal and paternal chromosomes

Same number of chromosomes as present in parent cell

None of the above

Solution

Question 8

$$G_1 \rightarrow S \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow M$$

$$S \rightarrow G_1 \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow M$$

$$G_1 \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow S \rightarrow M$$

$$M \rightarrow G_1 \rightarrow G_2 \rightarrow S.$$

Solution

Question 9

Asexually reproducing diploid individuals

Sexually reproducing haploid individuals

Sexually reproducing diploid individuals

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

Production of gametes

Reduction in the number of chromosomes

Introduction of variation

All of the above

Solution

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