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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 64

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 64
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In which stage of the cell cycle are histone proteins synthesised in an eukaryotic cell ?
    Solution
    Histone protein is synthesized during S Phase of interphase. Interphase involves 3 phases:-
    1. G$$_1$$ phase.
    2. S phase.
    3. G$$_2$$ phase.
    However It is important to note that protein synthesis takes place in all three phases of interphase. Some proteins are synthesized in G$$_1$$ Phase while other like tubulin protein is synthesized in G$$_2$$ phase. However, synthesis of Histone protein takes place in S phase.
    Thus the correct answer is 'S-phase.'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Mitosis is the name given to the process of cell division. What is the name given to the period between two mitotic cycles?
    Solution
    Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis.[1] Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.[1] The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase. This phase was formerly called the resting phase. However, interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting; rather, the cell is living, and preparing for later cell division, so the name was changed. A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis. However, since mitosis is the division of the nucleus, prophase is actually the first stage.
    So the correct option is 'interphase'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0

    Given graph P,Q,R and S show four stages of cell cycle i.e., $$G_1,S,G_2$$ and $$M$$ but in random order. Identify the stages and match the activities of the cell.

    I. Taxol treatment, which prevents microtubule depolymerization, arrests the cell at this stage.
    II. With a mitogen treatment such as an epidermal growth factor and arrested cell at this stage proceed to the next stage of the cell cycle.
    III. The cell cycle checkpoint at this stage confirms that DNA duplication is complete before the cell proceeds to the next stage.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which process is important for the production of gametes in living organism performing sexual production in context with chromosomes?
    Solution
    1. Meiosis is the reductional division wherein the cell undergoes division twice.
    2. Diploid cell(2n)  divides further into haploid cells(n). 
    3. In meiosis, each cell receives only one set of chromosomes. These cells are called gametes.
    4. Thus during zygote formation haploid male and haploid female gamete fuse to form a diploid zygote.
    5. Thus meiosis the an important process for formation of gametes to perform sexual reproduction. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Refer to the given figure and select the correct statement.

    Solution
    In the given figure A, B, C, and D represent prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II respectively. Prophase II is not divisible into substages rather prophase I is divisible into five substages. Chromosomes are free in metaphase II while in metaphase I homologous chromosomes are interconnected and chromosomes occur in pairs i.e., bivalents In telophase chromosomes get enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The male gametes of rice plant have $$12$$ chromosomes in their nucleus. The chromosome number in the female gamete, zygote and the cells of the seedling will be, _________ respectively.
    Solution
    Chromosome number in male gamete of rice plant is $$n = 12$$ therefore chromosome number in female gamete would also be $$12$$. Zygote is diploid as it is the product of fertilization and the cells of the seeding would be meiocytes and other diploid cells. Hence, the chromosome number in both zygote and cells of seeding will be $$2n = 24$$.
    So, the correct answer is '12,24,24'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Select the correct option:
    What does (i) and (ii) represent in the given flowchart?

    Solution
    Meiosis I consists of separation of the homologous chromosomes each made up of two sister chromatids into two cells. the entire haploid content of chromosomes is contained in each of the resulting daughter cells, the first meiotic division, therefore, reduces the ploidy of the original cell by a factor of 2. meiosis II consists of decoupling of each chromosomes sister strands (chromatids) and segregating the individual chromatids into haploid daughter cells. The two cells resulting from meiosis I divide during meiosis II creating 4 haploid daughter cells.
    So, the correct option is '(i) = n (ii) = n'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Cells which are not dividing are likely to be at 
    Solution
    Cells that do not divide further exit $$G_1$$ phase to enter an inactive stage called quiescent stage $$(G_0)$$ of the cell cycle. cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate unless stimulated by appropriate single depending on the requirement of the organism.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Spindles are arrested by colchicine at 
    Solution
    Colchicine is an alkaloid that arrests the polymerization of the spindle fibres such that the cell is not able to switch to the anaphase. The chromosomes remain condensed and aligned to the central plate in the metaphase.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Metaphase'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Cytokinesis is followed by
    Solution
    A cell is divided into two identical cells in mitosis. Stage prior to this is interphase. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating all the required nutrients, preparing to cell division and duplicate its DNA. In the mitotic phase, karyokinesis in which cell's chromosomes are divided and cytokinesis in which cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells takes place. After completing cytokinesis, the cell enters the G1 stage of interphase. Then it goes through S and G2 stages before starting mitosis again. This cycle repeats. 
    So the correct answer is the G1 phase.

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