Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 79

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Match the correct set of scientists in relation to cell division.

A. Robert Remak 1. Meiosis
B. A.Howard and S.R. Pelc 2. Mitosis
C. W. Fleming 3. Amitosis
D. Farmer and Moore 4. Cyclins
5. G$$_1$$, S and G$$_2$$ phase

A
A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4

B
A - 3, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1

C
A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 5

D
A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

Solution

Amitosis is a cell division in which there is first a simple cleavage of the nucleus without change in its structure (such as the formation of chromosomes), followed by the division of the cytoplasm; direct cell division as opposed to mitosis. It is not the usual mode of division and is occur mainly in highly specialized cells which are incapable of long-continued multiplication, in transitory structures and in those in early stages of degeneration. Discovered by Robert Remark in 1855. Meiosis or reduction divistion was explained by Farmer and moor 1905. Mitosis or indirect cell division was discovered by Flemming in 1882. In 1953, Alma Howard and S. R. Pelc were the first to designate the phases of interphase as G$$_1$$, S and G$$_2$$.
Question 2
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At anaphase of meiosis, some chromosomes lag behind. They are called laggards. This is due to

A
Inversion of chromosomes

B
Acentric chromosomes

C
Dicentric chrormosome

D
Duplication of genes

Solution

Centromere is very important structures for binding of chromosomes to the spindle fibres. Centromeres possess kinetochore discs for binding to the spindle fibres. Chromosomes lacking centromere are called acentric (laggard) chromosomes. Since acentric chromosomes lack centromere, they cannot bind to spindle fibres and are frequently lost by one of the daughter cells produced. This gives rise to unbalanced progeny cells and unbalanced gametes are produced.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 3

1 / -0

Match the correct set.

A. CdK$$_4$$	1. First growth phase
B. S phase	2. Differential phase
C. G$$_0$$ phase	3. Synthesis of tublin
D. G$$_2$$ phase	4. Replication of DNA
	5. Molecule active during G$$_1$$phase for protein synthesis

A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1

A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

A - 5, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

A - 5, B - 4, C - 2, D - 3

Solution

DNA replication occurs during the synthesis or S phase.
Non-proliferative cells in multicellular eukaryotes generally enter the quiescent $$G_{0}$$ state from $$G_{1}$$and may remain quiescent for long periods of time, possibly indefinitely (as in the case of neurons). Thus, $$G_{0}$$ is also called a differential stage.
Tubulin proteins are used in spindle formation and synthesized in G$$_{2}$$ phase.
The events of the cell cycle are tightly regulated. Two key classes of regulatory molecules, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), determine a cell's progress through the cell cycle. Cyclin D binds to existing CDK4, forming the active cyclin D-CDK4 complex during $$G_1$$ phase, so that cell can successfully enter $$S$$ phase.

Question 4
1 / -0

In cell cycle, which stage is also called as resting phase?

A
S phase

B
Telophase

C
Cytokinesis

D
Interphase

Solution

The interphase is also called as the resting phase. 90% of cell cycle is formed by interphase. Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends and performs the majority of its time. Then, in preparation for cellular division, it increases in size. Interphase is also considered to be the living phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other normal cell functions.
Question 5
1 / -0

The phragmoplast is organised

A
At the beginning of anaphase

B
At the end of anaphase

C
At the beginning of telophase

D
At the end of telophase

Solution

Cytokinesis involves the division of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic division in the animal cell takes place by furrow formation while in plant cell it occurs by phragmoplast formation. It mainly takes place at the end of anaphase. The formation of cell plate completely separates the two daughter cells at the telophase.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

What will happen if you are provided with root-tips of onion in your class and are asked to count the chromosomes, which of the following stage can be observed easily?

A
Telophase

B
Anaphase

C
Prophase

D
Metaphase

Solution

Onion root tips are used to study the stages of cell division as, root tip contains highly dividing cells. Metaphase chromosome is a chromosome in the stage of the cell cycle (the sequence of events in the life of a cell) when a chromosome is most condensed and easiest to distinguish and so to study. Metaphase chromosomes are often chosen for karyotyping and for chromosome analysis because they are readily seen.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Choose the correct statement related to mitosis.

A
Chromosomes move to the spindle equator and get aligned along the equatorial plate in metaphase

B
Chromatids separate but remain in the center of the cell in anaphase

C
Chromatids start moving towards opposite poles in telophase

D
Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are still visible at the end of prophase

Solution

Mitosis is comprised of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The prophase is characterized by coiling of chromosomes and separation of centrioles. During metaphase stage, the chromosomes are most clearly visible and are arranged on the metaphase equator. The anaphase is characterized by separation of sister chromatids. At the telophase stage, the chromosomes uncoil and nuclear envelope reappears. So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

The reason of chromosomal movement in anaphase is

A
Astral rays

B
Centrioles

C
Kinetochore

D
Kinetochore and spindle fibres

Solution

The reason for chromosomal movement in anaphase is the kinetochore and spindle fibers. Anaphase is the stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes split and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell. During anaphase II, the centromeres are split, and the new daughter chromosomes are pulled toward the poles. They take on a V-shape as they are pulled back. While the chromosomes are drawn to each side of the cell, the non-kinetochore spindle fibers push against each other, in a ratcheting action, that stretches the cell into an oval.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
1 / -0

In Neurospora, the arrangement of ascospore after meiosis is found to be 2a : 4A : 2a. What can be concluded?

A
First reductional then equational division

B
First equational and then reductional division

C
Both occur simultaneously

D
Nothing can be concluded

Solution

Neurospora produces ordered tetrads as product of meiosis which allows detection of products of first and second segregation division. A cross between normal (A) and mutant (a) strain produces a linear arrangement of four normal spores (4 A) followed by four mutant spores (4 a). Crossing over between centromere and gene at four strand stage leads to 2 A : 2a : 2A : 2a or 2a : 4A : 2a arrangement. This means that reductional division is followed by equational division; if mitosis was the first division, the cross over would have occurred at two strand stage and spores arrangement would be 4a : 4A; option B is incorrect. A cell can not undergo both divisions simultaneously; option B is incorrect. Correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

In which of the following stages, the chromosomes are attached on the equatorial plate?

A
Telophase

B
Anaphase

C
Metaphase

D
None of the above

Solution

The chromosomes are attached to the equatorial plate during the metaphase stages of cell division. The chromosomes are clearly visible with their centromere attached to the spindle fibers.
So, the correct answer is option C.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

A. Robert Remak	1. Meiosis
B. A.Howard and S.R. Pelc	2. Mitosis
C. W. Fleming	3. Amitosis
D. Farmer and Moore	4. Cyclins
	5. G$$_1$$, S and G$$_2$$ phase

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 79

Result

Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 79

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Question 1

A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4

A - 3, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1

A - 4, B - 2, C - 3, D - 5

A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

Solution

Question 2

Inversion of chromosomes

Acentric chromosomes

Dicentric chrormosome

Duplication of genes

Solution

Question 3

A - 3, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1

A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

A - 5, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

A - 5, B - 4, C - 2, D - 3

Solution

Question 4

S phase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

Interphase

Solution

Question 5

At the beginning of anaphase

At the end of anaphase

At the beginning of telophase

At the end of telophase

Solution

Question 6

Telophase

Anaphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Solution

Question 7

Chromosomes move to the spindle equator and get aligned along the equatorial plate in metaphase

Chromatids separate but remain in the center of the cell in anaphase

Chromatids start moving towards opposite poles in telophase

Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum are still visible at the end of prophase

Solution

Question 8

Astral rays

Centrioles

Kinetochore

Kinetochore and spindle fibres

Solution

Question 9

First reductional then equational division

First equational and then reductional division

Both occur simultaneously

Nothing can be concluded

Solution

Question 10

Telophase

Anaphase

Metaphase

None of the above

Solution

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