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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 81

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division Test - 81
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In anaphase, a metacentric chromosome appears in which of the following?
    Solution
    In anaphase, a metacentric chromosome appears V-shaped. At anaphase of meiosis, each chromosome contains 1-DNA. At anaphase II, the remaining centromeric cohesin is cleaved allowing the sister chromatids to segregate. The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Dinomitosis occurs in which of the following?
    Solution
    Dinomitosis occurs in mesokaryotes. Dinomitosis is a type of cellular division that solely occurs in the class Dinophyceae, a class of Alga with Chlorophyll. The dinomitosis is special because nuclear membrane never disappear. A series of groupings of microtubules crosses to the nucleus by the cytoplasmic channels where is united to chromosomes which will be displaced towards each cell daughter. The nuclear membrane undergoes strangling until two nuclei form daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes each. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following statement is correct ?
    Solution
    Correct answer: D
    Explanation:
    • The nucleus divides twice during meiosis, although DNA is only replicated once.
    • DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division in meiosis, resulting in four daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. 
    • Meiosis I and meiosis II are the two meiotic divisions. 
    • Each chromosome's DNA is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids connected at a centromere before meiosis commences during the S phase of the cell cycle.
    Hence, meiosis is the only time when genetic materials are exchanged.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Cytochalasin B is a drug isolated from moulds. It blocks the formation of contractile microfilaments. Which of the following aspects of the cell cycle would be most disrupted due to this ?
    Solution
    Spindle formation is mainly done by centrioles. It helps in separation of chromosomes during cell division. Cytochalasin B is a cell-permeable mycotoxin. It inhibits cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments due to which cell is unable to maintain the desired number of chromosomes and leads to numerical abberations.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following represents the best stage to view the shape, size and number of chromosomes?
    Solution
    A) In prophase, chromosomes are not clearly visible because the sister chromatids are intertwined with each other. The chromosomes overlap one another and appear like a ball of wool, thus, the ends of the chromosomes are not clear. 
    B) During metaphase, the chromosomes are condensed. Hence, the centromere and the arms of the chromatids are distinct and clearly visible. Due to this, metaphase is best stage to view the shape, size and number of chromosomes.
    C) In telophase, the chromosomes undergo elongation and they are at the poles and are diffused in the form of loosely arranged chromatin material. This diffused chromatin material do not show distinct centromeres and chromatids. 
    D) In interphase, though the duplication of chromatin material takes place, the chromatin material is not condensed to form chromosomes. Hence, chromosomes do not show distinct centromeres and chromatids. 
    So, the correct answer is 'Metaphase'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The number of diploid cells necessary to produce 60 haploid cells meiotically would be
    Solution
    Meiosis is a division which occurs in a diploid cell and gives rise to four haploid cells or nuclei, each having half the number of chromosomes as compared to the parent cell. So, if there are 15 cells, after meiosis it will give 60 haploid cells.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    If the n = 16 in plant cell than what is possible in metaphase I of meiosis?
    Solution
    The plant cell contains n = 16, where n represents the haploid number of chromosomes. The plant cell which will undergo meiotic division will contain the diploid number of chromosomes, 2n = 32. 
    The cell replicates the genetic material in the S-phase to form the 32 replicated chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes are aligned together in the metaphase I to form the bivalent. So, if there are 32 chromosomes which pair up with the homolog, this will result in the formation of 16 bivalents.

    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is called heterotypic division?
    Solution
    With the result of meiotic division, from one nucleus of the sporophyte four nuclei of the gametophyte are formed, and the number of chromosomes for each nucleus becomes half of the number of chromosomes of the nucleus of the sporophyte. In all the plants, which are sexually reproduced, the meiosis takes place. In the sporophyte, the spore mother cells represent the last phase of the sporophytic status. Thus, each spore mother cell bears 2n number of chromosomes. Each spore mother cell eventually divides reductionally producing four haploid (n) spores. In such division, the first division is known as heterotypic division.
    The number of chromosomes is reduced to half during this division. The division is immediately followed by another ordinary division, which is known as homotypic division. The spore denotes the beginning of the gametophytic stage. The spore, when germinates gives rise to the gametophyte, that bears male and female gametes. The number of chromosomes in the gametes is always n. So, meiosis I is called as heterotypic division as, the number of chromosomes are reduced into half in this division.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    If there are $$20$$ centromeres in a cell at the mitotic anaphase, then how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
    Solution
    Before separation sister chromatids remain attached at centromeres. After separation each chromatid becomes a daughter chromosome.
    The cell is still dividing and not separated in two daughter cells by cytokinesis. If there are 20 centromeres seen in anaphase, then there are 20 chromosomes in the dividing cell.
    Thus each pole of the dividing cell will receive 10 chromatids: each chromatid will now become a chromosome for daughter cell.
    Thus each daughter cell, immediately after cytokinesis will have 10 chromosomes, each made up of single chromatid.
    Hence, answer is '10 chromosomes'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The number of bivalents is 8 in prophase I. What is the number of chromosomes during anaphase II?
    Solution
    A.Correct option - A

    B.Explanation for correct option -A

    • In prophase I homologous chromosomes get attached (synapse) along with their lengths and exchange DNA.
    • They are called bivalents or tetrads. In anaphase I, there is the separation of the chromosomes towards the poles without breaking at the centromeres. 
    • During anaphase II, the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move towards the opposite poles.
    • Each chromatid is called the daughter chromosome. The number of chromosomes in anaphase II will be halved. 
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