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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 12

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 12
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Main difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is
    Solution
    The difference between the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is the presence of aldehyde group in place of the methyl group in chlorophyll b which changes the absorption wavelength of both the pigments.
    So, the correct option is 'CH$$_3$$  of chlorophyll a is replaced by −CHO in chlorophyll b.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    ATP synthesis during light reaction is
    Solution
    The process of conversion of light energy to chemical energy is called as a light reaction. This energy is stored as ATP. The process of ATP formation in chloroplasts in the presence of light is known as photophosphorylation. 
    So, the answer is 'Phosphosphorylation'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In a green cell, the enzyme catalase is localised in
    Solution
    Catalase is an enzyme that is found in peroxisomes and helps in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
    So the correct option is 'Peroxisomes'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    At carbon atom 3, chlorophyll a has
    Solution
    The only difference between the two chlorophyll molecules is that they have different groups attached at the carbon at the third position. in chlorophyll, the methyl group is attached while in chlorophyll b it is an aldehyde.
    So the correct option is 'Methyl group'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    In photorespiration the number of ATP and NADPH synthesised are respectively
    Solution
    Photorespiration is a process which involves loss of fixed carbon as $$CO_{2}$$ in plants in the presence of light. It is initiated in chloroplasts. This process does not produce ATP or NADPH and is a wasteful process. Photo-respiratory reactions are operated in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Loss of $$CO_{2}$$ occurs in mitochondria. Photorespiration occurs usually when there is the high concentration of oxygen. Under such circumstances, RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of RuBP during the first step of Calvin cycle, functions as an oxygenase. Some $$O_{2}$$ does not bind to RuBisCO and hence $$CO_{2}$$ fixation is decreased. The RuBP binds with $$O_{2}$$ to form one molecule of PGA (3C compound) and phosphoglycolate (2C compound) in the pathway of photorespiration. There is neither the synthesis of sugar nor of ATP. Rather, it results in the release of $$CO_{2}$$ with the utilization of ATP. It leads to a 25 percent loss of the fixed $$CO_{2}$$. $$O_{2}$$ is first utilized in chloroplasts and then in peroxisomes.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration is also called
    Solution
    Photorespiration is a process which involves loss of fixed carbon as $$CO_{2}$$ in plants in the presence of light. It is also known as $$C_{2}$$ cycle. It is initiated in chloroplasts. This process does not produce ATP or NADPH and is a wasteful process.  Photo-respiratory reactions are operated in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Loss of $$CO_{2}$$ occurs in mitochondria. Photorespiration occurs usually when there is the high concentration of oxygen. Under such circumstances, RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of RuBP during the first step of Calvin cycle, functions as an oxygenase. Some $$O_{2}$$ does not bind to RuBisCO and hence $$CO_{2}$$ fixation is decreased. The RuBP binds with $$O_{2}$$ to form one molecule of PGA (3C compound) and phosphoglycolate (2C compound) in the pathway of photorespiration. Rather, it results in the release of $$CO_{2}$$ with the utilization of ATP. It leads to a 25 percent loss of the fixed $$CO_{2}$$. $$O_{2}$$ is first utilized in chloroplasts and then in peroxisomes.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which pigment takes part in light reaction of photosynthesis
    Solution
    Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants and another green part of plants like stem etc. The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the mesophyll of leaves. Mesophyll cells have many chloroplasts, which contain the specialized light-absorbing green pigments, the chlorophylls. When chlorophyll absorbs light, it gets excited and emits electrons. Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment. It shows bright or blue-green colour in the chromatogram. Chlorophyll a is directly involved in the light reaction of photosynthesis. It is present in the reaction centres of Photosystem I and Photosystem II which absorbs light energy of longer wavelength. These centres can release electron upon absorption of energy.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration requires this activity by an enzyme
    Solution
    Photorespiration is a process which involves loss of fixed carbon as $$CO_{2}$$ in plants in the presence of light. It is initiated in chloroplasts. This process does not produce ATP or NADPH and is a wasteful process. Photo-respiratory reactions are operated in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Loss of $$CO_{2}$$ occurs in mitochondria. Photorespiration occurs usually when there is the high concentration of oxygen. Photorespiration requires this activity by an enzyme oxygenase. Under such circumstances, RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of RuBP during the first step of Calvin cycle, functions as an oxygenase. Some $$O_{2}$$ does not bind to RuBisCO and hence $$CO_{2}$$ fixation is decreased. The RuBP binds with $$O_{2}$$ to form one molecule of PGA (3C compound) and phosphoglycolate (2C compound) in the pathway of photorespiration. Rather, it results in the release of $$CO_{2}$$ with the utilization of ATP. It leads to a 25 percent loss of the fixed $$CO_{2}$$. $$O_{2}$$ is first utilized in chloroplasts and then in peroxisomes.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In $${C}_{4}$$ plants, chloroplasts of mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialised to perform respectively:
    Solution
    The mesophyll chloroplasts in C4 plants are very particular to do the light-needy responses of photosynthesis while the packaging sheath cells are specific to play out the light-free responses. 

    So, the correct option is 'Light reaction and dark reaction'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Non-cyclic photophosphorylation results in production of
    Solution
    Non-cyclic phosphorylation is a type of photophosphorylation in which flow of electrons is non-cyclic. It results in the production of ATP and NADPH. It involves both Photosystem I and Photosystem II. These two photosystems work in series, first PS II and then PS I. The two photosystems are connected through an electron transport chain. $$NADPH$$ is synthesized by this kind of electron flow. Electrons are transferred from the PS II and then passed on to the pigments of PS I. Then, electrons get excited and transferred to another acceptor. These electrons are then moved downhill again to a molecule of $$NADP^{+}$$. The addition of these electrons results in the formation of $$NADPH$$. This whole scheme is known as Z scheme.
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