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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 27

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 27
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration and photosynthesis both require 
    Solution
    Cytochromes are hemeproteins containing heme groups and are primarily responsible for generation of ATP via electron transport. They are found either as monomeric proteins or as subunits of bigger enzymatic complexes that catalyze redox reactions. Cytochromes are required for both the processes of photosynthesis as well as photorespiration.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In non-cyclic photophosphorylation PS- I is reduced by
    Solution
    Z scheme of light reaction is a noncyclic flow of the electron from PSII through electron transport chain to NADPH via PSI. Plastocyanin is electron carrier copper containing soluble metalloprotein protein that serves to carry electron between two photosystems of photosynthesis. It takes the electron from plastoquinol which is reduced by PS II and carries them to PSI. Electrons from PSII reduce PSI. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The chemical structure of chlorophyll a varies from chlorophyll b due to difference between
    Solution
    The chemical structure of chlorophyll 'a' varies from chlorophyll 'b' due to the difference between CH$$_{3}$$ and CHO. In chlorophyll, a third carbon of the side group is -CH$$_{3}$$ . In chlorophyll b, side group at the third carbon  is -CHO. So, the correct answer is option is C.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In $$ {C_4}$$ plants, the primary $${CO_2}$$ acceptor is 
    Solution
    In $$C_4$$ pathway, first step is the carboxylation of PEP, which leads to production of oxaloacetic acid. Thus, in $$C_4$$ plants, the primary $$CO_2$$ acceptor is PEP. Thus, option D is correct.
    Oxaloacetic acid and 3-PGA are the intermediate products of $$C_4$$ cycle. Thus, option A and B are wrong. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration is favoured by 
    Solution

    Solution:

    Correct answer is option C
    Explanation for correct option:

    • Photorespiration occurs when the $${CO_2}$$ levels inside a leaf become low. This happens on hot dry days when a plant is forced to close its stomata to prevent excess water loss. If the plant continues to attempt to fix $${CO_2}$$ when its stomata are closed, the $${CO_2}$$ will get used up and the O$$_{2}$$ ratio in the leaf will increase relative to $${CO_2}$$ concentrations.
    • When the $${CO_2}$$ levels inside the leaf drop to around 50 ppm, Rubisco starts to combine  O$$_{2}$$ with RuBP instead of $${CO_2}$$.
    • The net result of this is that instead of producing 2 3C PGA molecules, only one molecule of PGA is produced and a toxic 2C molecule called phosphoglycolate is produced. Thus, photorespiration is favoured by high O$$_{2}$$ and low $${CO_2}$$. 

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    During photorespiration the number of glycine molecules giving rise to one molecule of $${CO_2}$$ are
    Solution
    Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or C2 photosynthesis) is a process in plant metabolism which attempts to reduce the consequences of a wasteful oxygenation reaction by the enzyme RuBisCO. The desired reaction is the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP (carboxylation), a key step in the Calvin Benson cycle, however approximately 25% of reactions by RuBisCO instead add oxygen to RuBP (oxygenation), producing a product that cannot be used within the CalvinBenson cycle. The conversion of 2x 2 carbon glycine to 1 C3 serine in the mitochondria by the enzyme glycine-decarboxylase is a key step, which releases CO$$_{2}$$, NH$$_{3}$$3, and reduces NAD to NADH.Thus, during photo respiration the number of glycine molecules  giving rise to one molecule of CO$$_{2}$$ are 2. So, option A is correct and other options are incorrect.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not paired correctly?
    Solution
    Kreb cycle is also called as Tricarboxylic acid cycle since its first product is a tricarboxylic acid.  Induced fit theory of enzyme's action mechanism was proposed by Koshland. Mitchell proposed the chemiosmotic theory for ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The fluid mosaic model of the ultrastructure of the plasma membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicholson. The correct answer is C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following statements about the events of noncyclic photophosphorylation is incorrect?
    Solution
    Photosystem II has P680 reaction center wherein oxygen atoms of two water molecules bind to a cluster of manganese atoms. These Mn atoms are associated with an enzyme that splits water, removes electrons one at a time. Immediately after removal of four electrons from the two water molecules, O2 is released. Sunlight driven splitting of water is called as photolysis.  Noncyclic photophosphorylation includes the flow of electron from PSII through quinone, cyt $$b_6$$ f complex and plastocyanin to NADPH via PSI.  NADP reductase enzyme is located on the stromal side of PSI and catalyzes the reduction of NADP into NADPH. Both PSI and PSII are involved; absence of PSII leads to cyclic photophosphorylation. Splitting of water and flow of electron through cytochrome $$b_6$$f complex add protons to thylakoid lumen. These protons are moved back to stroma through proton channels of ATP synthesis drives the synthesis of ATP. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In $${C_4}$$ plants, the bundle sheath cells
    Solution
    In $$C_4$$ plants, the bundle sheath cells have thicker walls and have no inter cellular spaces. These cells are not rich in PEP carboxylase. Bundle sheath cells have high density of chloroplasts compared to mesophyll cells. Thus, option D is correct and other options are incorrect
    So, the correct answer is 'Have a high density of chloroplasts'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is formed during photorespiration?
    Solution
    Photorespiration occurs when the $$CO_2$$ levels inside a leaf become low. This happens on hot dry days when a plant is forced to close its stomata to prevent excess water loss. If the plant continues to attempt to fix $$CO_2$$ when its stomata are closed, the $$CO_2$$ will get used up and the $$O_2$$ ratio in the leaf will increase relative to $$CO_2$$ concentrations. When the $$CO_2$$ levels inside the leaf drop to around 50 ppm, Rubisco starts to combine $$O_2$$ with RuBP instead of $$CO_2$$. The net result of this is that instead of producing 2 3C PGA molecules, only one molecule of PGA is produced and a toxic 2C molecule called phosphoglycolate is produced. Thus, option B is correct.
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