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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 32

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 32
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Carbon dioxide acceptor in $$C_4$$ plants is
    Solution
    $$C_4$$ plants fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into four carbon compounds oxaloacetic acid or malic acid. The initial carboxylation is brought about by the enzyme PEP carboxylase, which carboxylates phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) into four carbon compounds.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    $$C_4$$ plants are adapted to
    Solution
    The $$C_4$$ photosynthesis is an adaptation of the $$C_3$$ pathway, that overcomes the limitation of the photorespiration, improving photosynthetic efficiency and minimizing the water loss in hot, dry environments. Generally, $$C_4$$ species originate from warmer climates than $$C_3$$ species. Most $$C_4$$ plants are native to the tropics and warm temperate zones with high light intensity and high temperature. Under these conditions, $$C_4$$ plants exhibit higher photosynthetic and growth rates due to gains in the water, carbon and nitrogen efficiency uses. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    C$$_4$$ plants are found among
    Solution
    • A C4 plant is a plant that cycles carbon dioxide into four-carbon sugar compounds to enter into the calvin cycle. 
    • These plants are very efficient in hot, dry climates and make a lot of energy.
    • They are both monocots and dicots (Sugarcane, Maize, Sorghum, Euphorbia) are C4 plants.
    So, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is $$C_4$$ plant?
    Solution
    The $$C_4$$ photosynthesis is an adaptation of the $$C_3$$ pathway, that overcomes the limitation of the photorespiration, improving photosynthetic efficiency and minimizing the water loss in hot, dry environments. Generally, $$C_4$$ species originate from warmer climates than $$C_3$$ species. Most $$C_4$$ plants are native to the tropics and warm temperate zones with high light intensity and high temperature. Under these conditions, $$C_4$$ plants exhibit higher photosynthetic and growth rates due to gains in the water, carbon and nitrogen efficiency uses. Some of the worlds most productive crops and pasture, such as maize, sugar cane, sorghum, amaranth, paspalus, bermuda grass are $$C_4$$ plants. It is interesting that Atriplex rosea shows Hatch Slack cycle, whereas Atriplex hastata shows Calvin cycle.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    How many type of photosynthetic cells occur in $$C_4$$ plants?
    Solution
    The thick walled bundle sheath cells present around vascular bundles in the shape of a ring in $$C_4$$ plants have chloroplast. The bundle sheath cells have agranal chloroplast and fix carbon dioxide with the help of RuBisCO enzyme. The thin walled mesophyll cells carry out initial carbon dioxide fixation with the help of PEP carboxylase enzyme. This special arrangement of cells and presence of dimorphic chloroplasts helps in minimizing photorespiration in $$C_4$$ plants. Thus two types of photosynthetic cells occur in $$C_4$$ plants- one type mesophyll cells, which carry on initial carbon dioxide fixation and another bundle sheath cells, which carry on carbon dioxide fixation using RuBisCO enzyme.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    $$CO_2$$ is accepted by RUBP in $$C_4$$ plants in
    Solution
    The thick walled bundle sheath cells present around vascular bundles in the shape of a ring in $$C_4$$ plants have chloroplast. The bundle sheath cells have agranal chloroplast and fix carbon dioxide with the help of RuBisCO enzyme. The thin walled mesophyll cells carry out initial carbon dioxide fixation with the help of PEP carboxylase enzyme. This special arrangement of cells and presence of dimorphic chloroplasts helps in minimizing photorespiration in $$C_4$$ plants.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Most efficient photosynthesis and presence of bundle sheath chloroplast are characteristics of
    Solution
    The $$C_4$$ plants are characterised by Krantz anatomy. These plants are characterised by dimorphic chloroplasts. These plants have thick walled bundle sheath cells lining the vascular supply. The bundle sheath cells have large agranal chloroplasts, which fix carbon dioxide into sugars with the help of RuBisCO enzyme. The thin walled mesophyll cells have grana in the chloroplast and carry on initial carbon dioxide fixation with the help of PEP carboxylase enzyme. Thus the bundle sheath cells get high concentration of carbon dioxide and are not exposed to oxygen released from grana during light reaction. This adaptation reduces photorespiratory losses in $$C_4$$ plants. Thus improving overall efficiency of photosynthesis in these plants.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration occurs in which of the following cell organelles?
    Solution
    Photorespiration is the wasteful process, which results in loss of carbon dioxide fixed by plants. It occurs due to oxygenase activity of RuBisCo enzyme found in $$C_3$$ plants. This process occurs in chloroplast, peroxisomes and mitochondria.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following plants have low CO$$_2$$ compensation point?
    Solution
    The point where the rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration is known as compensation point. At this point, the uptake of CO$$_2$$ through photosynthetic pathways is exactly matched to the respiratory release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of O$$_2$$ by respiration is exactly matched to the photosynthetic release of oxygen. C$$_4$$ plant lacks photorespiration and so, the carbon dioxide compensation point is low.er than in C$$_3$$ plants. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'C$$_4$$ plants'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    What does not occur in photorespiration?
    Solution
    Photorespiration refers to the loss of carbon dioxide fixed by plants. It occurs in presence of light in C$$_{3}$$ plants. It does not lead to synthesis of ATP but leads to loss of carbon dioxide and ammonia. Hence, it is a wasteful process. Photorespiration is a result of oxygenase activity of RUBISCO enzyme. The oxygenase activity results in combination of oxygen with Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate instead of carbon dioxide.
    So, the correct answer is 'Synthesis of ATP'
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