Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 33

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Question 1
1 / -0

Glycolate accumulates in chloroplast at

A
Low temparature

B
Low $$CO_2$$

C
Visible light illumination

D
High $$CO_2$$

Solution

Photorespiration is the wasteful process, which results in loss of carbon dioxide fixed by plants. It occurs due to oxygenase activity of RuBisCo enzyme found in $$C_3$$ plants. This process occurs in the chloroplast, peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is also called as $$C_2$$ cycle because the first stable product (phosphoglycolic acid) is a two carbon compound. The phosphoglycolic acid is converted to glycolic acid by the action of phosphatase enzyme. The glycolic acid accumulates in chloroplast under high oxygen concentration. Thus indicating the occurrence of photorespiration.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

What is $$C_2$$ Cycle?

A
Glycolate cycle

B
Calvin cycle

C
Krebs cycle

D
TCA cycle

Solution

Photorespiration is the wasteful process, which results in loss of carbon dioxide fixed by plants. It occurs due to oxygenase activity of RuBisCo enzyme found in $$C_3$$ plants. This process occurs in chloroplast, peroxisomes and mitochondria. It is also called as $$C_2$$ cycle, because the first stable product (phosphoglycolic acid) is a two carbon compound. Calvin cycle is called $$C_3$$ cycle, because the first stable product (phosphoglyceric acid) is a three carbon compound. Krebs cycle and TCA cycle are synonyms. Krebs cycle is called as TCA cycle, because the first stable product (citric acid) is having three carboxylic groups. Hence, the name tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
1 / -0

Bundle sheath chloroplast of $$C_4$$ plant are

A
Large and agranal

B
Large and granal

C
Small and agranal

D
Small and granal

Solution

The C4 plants are characterised by Krantz anatomy. These plants are characterised by dimorphic chloroplasts. These plants have thick walled bundle sheath cells lining the vascular supply. The bundle sheath cells have large agranal chloroplasts which fix carbon dioxide into sugars with the help of RUBISCO enzyme. The thin walled mesophyll cells have grana in the chloroplast and carry on initial carbon dioxide fixation with the help of PEP carboxylase enzyme.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
1 / -0

Plants which exhibit photorespiration are:

A
$$C_4$$ plants

B
$$C_3$$ plants

C
CAM plants

D
Alpine plants

Solution

Photorespiration is a process in which oxygen rather than carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate (RUBP). This reaction is catalyzed by oxygenase activity of the RUBISCO enzyme and reduces the net fixation of carbon dioxide. This phenomenon is seen in C$$_{3}$$ plants. The C$$_{4}$$ plants have a carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism and they concentrate carbon dioxide in the bundle sheath cell where RUBISCO is located. Hence,$$C_4$$ plants do not show photorespiration.
So, the correct answer is 'C$$_3$$ plants'
Question 5
1 / -0

In $$C_4$$ pathway the fixation of $$CO_2$$ by PEP carboxylase occurs in

A
Palisade tissue

B
Mesophyll

C
Bundle sheath

D
Guard cell

Solution

The thin walled mesophyll cells of $$C_4$$ have grana in the chloroplast and carry on initial carbon dioxide fixation with the help of PEP carboxylase enzyme. The PEP carboxylase enzyme carboxylates phosphoenol pyruvic acid or PEP and converts it into four carbon atom containing organic acids like oxaloacetic acid and malic acid. These organic acids are transported to bundle sheath cells, where they are subsequently decarboxylated to release carbon dioxide. Thus the bundle sheath cells get high concentration of carbon dioxide and are not exposed to oxygen released from grana during light reaction. This adaptation reduces photorespiratory losses in $$C_4$$ plants. Thus improving overall efficiency of photosynthesis in these plants.
Question 6
1 / -0

Hatch and Slack pathway occurs in

A
Amaranthus

B
Atriplex rosea

C
Saccharum

D
All of the above

Solution

The Hatch and Slack cycle is called as $$C_4$$ cycle. Kortschak et al. 1965 by using C-14 labelled carbon dioxide observed that dicarboxylic acids like malic acids and aspartic acids were found in the leaves of sugarcane. Later Hatch and Slack, 1966, discovered an alternate pathway of carbon dioxide fixation. In this scheme the carbon dioxide acceptor is phosphoenol pyruvate or PEP and the first product is oxaloacetic acid OAA. Besides sugarcane several $$C_4$$ plants have been identified, sine then example Zea, Panicum, Sorghum, Atriplex, Amaranthus etc. It is important that Atriplex roseus shows hatch slack cycle, whereas Atriplex hastata shows calvin cycle.
Question 7
1 / -0

Kranz anatomy is found in the leaves of

A
C$$_{3}$$ plants.

B
C$$_{4}$$ plants.

C
Both C$$_{3}$$ and C$$_{4}$$ plants.

D
None of the above.

Solution

Leaf anatomy is usually distinctive in $$C_4$$ plants. The photosynthetic mesophyll cells are closely associated with prominent, chloroplast-containing bundle sheath cells, which tightly encircle the veins of the leaf. The $$C_4$$ pathway occurs in the mesophyll cells, whereas the Calvin cycle takes place within the bundle sheath cells. This distinctive leaf anatomy characterised by dimorphic chloroplast is called as Kranz anatomy, where Kranz refers to the ring like arrangement of bundle sheath cells around the vascular tissue.
Question 8
1 / -0

As compound to a $$C_3$$-plant how many additional of one molecules of hexose sugar by $$C_4$$-plants?

A
Two

B
Six

C
Zero

D
Twelve

Solution

Photosynthesis in plants is a oxidation reduction process that takes place in two steps- light reaction and dark reaction. The light reaction ATP and NADPH2 are produced that are used up in the dark reaction to reduce CO2 and produce glucose. The dark reaction takes place either as C3 or Calvin cycle and an alternative pathway the C4 cycle or Hatch-Slack cycle. The Calvin cycle or C3 cycle take place in all plants. The C₃ pathway requires 18 molecules of ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose, while C₄ pathway requires 30 molecules of ATP.
Question 9
1 / -0

The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is

A
Quinone.

B
Cytochrome.

C
Iron-sulphur protein.

D
Ferredoxin.

Solution

Light reaction of the photosynthesis starts from the excitation of chlorophyll by a photon. When a photon of light energy falls on chlorophyll molecule, it gets excited and moves on to a higher level called excited singlet state. The electron gap in the photosystem is further filled by the process of photolysis.
The extra pigments capture light energy and pass on the captured light energy to a specific chlorophyll a molecule called as reaction centre. The reaction centre of photosystem II is called P$$_{680}$$, whereas reaction centre of photosystem I is called P$$_{700}$$. In photosystem II the electrons emitted by reaction centre are first captured by pheophytin whereas in photosystem I, the electrons emitted by reaction centre are first captured by iron sulphur protein.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which chlorophyll molecule does not have a phytol tail?

A
Chlorophyll a

B
Chlorophyll b

C
Chlorophyll c

D
Chlorophyll d

Solution

Chlorophyll is the green molecule in plant cells that carries out the bulk of energy fixation in the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll itself is actually not a single molecule but a family of related molecules, designated chlorophyll a, b, c, and d. Chlorophyll a is the molecule found in all plant cells. Chlorophyll d is found only in marine red algae, but chlorophylls b and c are common in freshwater. The molecular structure of chlorophylls a, b and d consists of a ring-like structure called a porphyrin and a long organic phytol "tail". In the center of the porphyrin ring is a magnesium molecule. Chlorophyll c lacks the phytol chain.
So, the correct answer is option C.

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 33

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 33

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Question 1

Low temparature

Low $$CO_2$$

Visible light illumination

High $$CO_2$$

Solution

Question 2

Glycolate cycle

Calvin cycle

Krebs cycle

TCA cycle

Solution

Question 3

Large and agranal

Large and granal

Small and agranal

Small and granal

Solution

Question 4

$$C_4$$ plants

$$C_3$$ plants

CAM plants

Alpine plants

Solution

Question 5

Palisade tissue

Mesophyll

Bundle sheath

Guard cell

Solution

Question 6

Amaranthus

Atriplex rosea

Saccharum

All of the above

Solution

Question 7

C$$_{3}$$ plants.

C$$_{4}$$ plants.

Both C$$_{3}$$ and C$$_{4}$$ plants.

None of the above.

Solution

Question 8

Two

Six

Zero

Twelve

Solution

Question 9

Quinone.

Cytochrome.

Iron-sulphur protein.

Ferredoxin.

Solution

Question 10

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll c

Chlorophyll d

Solution

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