Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 34

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Photorespiration occurs during

A
Respiration.

B
Photosynthesis.

C
Transpiration.

D
Translocation.

Solution

Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle, or $$C_2$$ photosynthesis) is a process in plant metabolism, which attempts to reduce the consequences of a wasteful oxygenation reaction by the enzyme RuBisCO.
Question 2
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In the leaves of $$C_4$$ plants, malic acid formed during $$CO_2$$ fixation occurs in the cells of

A
Epidermis.

B
Mesophyll.

C
Bundle sheath.

D
Phloem.

Solution

In $$C_4$$ plants the atmospheric carbon dioxide is temporarily fixed into four carbon organic acids in the mesophyll cells with the help of enzyme PEP carboxylase. The four carbon containing organic acids (malic acid or oxalic acid) are pumped into bundle sheath cells, where they are decarboxylated to release carbon dioxide. The released carbon dioxide is fixed by the enzyme RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells.
Question 3
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Photorespiration does not occur in what type of plants?

A
$$C_4$$ plants

B
$$C_3$$ plants

C
$$C_2$$ plants

D
None of the above

Solution

Photorespiration depends on relative concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases. The $$C_4$$ plants have a unique krantz anatomy with agranal chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells. These plants maintain high concentration of carbon dioxide in the bundle sheath cells and absence of grana ensures no release of oxygen due to photolysis. Thus photorespiration is absent in $$C_4$$ plants. The $$C_3$$ plants do not show these adaptations and hence show photorespiration process.
Question 4
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In $$C_{4}$$ plants, the initial $$CO_{2}$$ fixation takes place in the chloroplasts of the

A
Guard cells.

B
Spongy mesophyll.

C
Palisade tissue.

D
Bundle sheath.

Solution

In $$C_4$$ plants the carbon dioxide is initially fixed into four carbon atom containing organic acids, like malate and oxalo acetic acid. The carbon dioxide is fixed initially in the chloroplasts of spongy mesophyll tissue by the enzyme PEP carboxylase. The organic acids are then transported to bundle sheath cells, where the acids are decarboxylated to release carbon dioxide. The released carbon dioxide is now fixed by the enzyme RUBISCO via the Calvin cycle.
Question 5
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Which one of the following is required both by the process of respiration and photosynthesis?

A
Carbohydrates

B
Sunlight

C
Chlorophyll

D
Cytochrome

Solution

The cytochromes are proteins with the characteristic strong absorption of visible light, due to their iron containing heme prosthetic groups. They are an essential electron transport component of both mitochondria and chloroplast. In mitochondria and chloroplasts, these cytochromes are often combined in electron transport and related metabolic pathways.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
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The substrate for photorespiration is

A
Glycolate.

B
Glucose.

C
Lipid.

D
Sucrose.
Solution
Solution:

• Correct answer is option A
• Explanation for the correct option
- Photorespiration leads to loss of fixed carbon dioxide in C3 plants by the enzyme RuBisCo.
- During photorespiration, this enzymes reacts with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate to produce phosphoglycolate as the first product.
- The phosphoglycolate is dephosphorylated to generate glycolate, which is the actual substrate of photorespiration.
Question 7
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Agranal chloroplasts occur in

A
Succulent plants.

B
$$C_{3}$$ plants.

C
$$C_{4}$$ plants.

D
Hydrophytes.
Solution
- The C$$_{4}$$ plants are characterized by dimorphic chloroplasts. The chloroplasts of mesophyll cells contain PEP carboxylase and fix atmospheric carbon dioxide into temporary organic acids.
- These chloroplasts lack RUBISCO and have grana. The chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells fix carbon dioxide derived from the decarboxylation of organic acids.
- The chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells contain RUBISCO for carbon dioxide fixation and lack of grana.
  Hence, the correct answer is C.
Question 8
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The $$C_{4}$$ plants are different from the $$C_{3}$$ plants with reference to the

A
Types of pigments involved in photosynthesis.

B
The number of NADPH that are consumed.

C
End product.

D
The substance that accepts $$CO_{2}$$ in carbon assimilation and first stable product.

Solution

The $$C_4$$ plants are so called because the first stable product of this process are the four carbon atom containing organic acids like oxaloacetic acid and malic acid. The initial acceptor of carbon dioxide is phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) and the initial carboxylating enzyme is PEP carboxylase. The initial carboxylation reaction occurs in the mesophyll cells. The $$C_4$$ organic acids are decarboxylated in the bundle sheath cells to release carbon dioxide. In the bundle sheath cells the carbon dioxide is fixed with the help of ribulose 1,5 bis phosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) enzyme.
The $$C_3$$ plants are called so because, in these plants the first stable product of photosynthesis is the three carbon atom containing compound 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). The initial carbon dioxide acceptor is Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the carboxylating enzyme is RuBisCO.
Question 9
1 / -0

The first carbon dioxide acceptor in $$C_{4}$$ plant is

A
Phosphoenolpyruvate.

B
Oxaloacetic acid.

C
Phosphoglyceric acid.

D
Ribulose 1, 5- diphosphate.

Solution

The $$C_4$$ plants are called so because the first stable product of this process are the four carbon atom containing organic acids like oxalo-acetic acid and malic acid. The initial acceptor of carbon dioxide is phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) and the initial carboxylating enzyme is PEP carboxylase. The initial carboxylation reaction occurs in the mesophyll cells. In the $$C_4$$ organic acids are decarboxylated in the bundle sheath cells to release carbon dioxide. In the bundle sheath cells the carbon dioxide is fixed with the help of RuBisCO enzyme.
Question 10
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Which of the following are related with photorespiration?

A
Spherosome

B
Lysosomes

C
Glyoxysomes

D
Peroximomes

Solution

Photorespiration is a wasteful process, which occurs in $$C_3$$ plants, because of the oxygenase activity of RuBisCo. The cell organelles involved in photorespiration are chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria.

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 34

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 34

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Question 1

Respiration.

Photosynthesis.

Transpiration.

Translocation.

Solution

Question 2

Epidermis.

Mesophyll.

Bundle sheath.

Phloem.

Solution

Question 3

$$C_4$$ plants

$$C_3$$ plants

$$C_2$$ plants

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

Guard cells.

Spongy mesophyll.

Palisade tissue.

Bundle sheath.

Solution

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Sunlight

Chlorophyll

Cytochrome

Solution

Question 6

Glycolate.

Glucose.

Lipid.

Sucrose.

Solution

Question 7

Succulent plants.

$$C_{3}$$ plants.

$$C_{4}$$ plants.

Hydrophytes.

Solution

Question 8

Types of pigments involved in photosynthesis.

The number of NADPH that are consumed.

End product.

The substance that accepts $$CO_{2}$$ in carbon assimilation and first stable product.

Solution

Question 9

Phosphoenolpyruvate.

Oxaloacetic acid.

Phosphoglyceric acid.

Ribulose 1, 5- diphosphate.

Solution

Question 10

Spherosome

Lysosomes

Glyoxysomes

Peroximomes

Solution

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