Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 41

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

In which of the following process ATP synthase channel produces ATP?

A
Glycolysis

B
Kerbs cycle

C
Chemiosmosis

D
(B) and (C) only

E
(A), (B) and (C)

Solution

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle form total 4 ATPs by substrate level phosphorylation wherein direct transfer of phosphate group to ADP or GDP during chemical reactions leads to synthesis of ATP/GTP. Oxidative phosphorylation is the process wherein oxidation of reducing equivalent generate energy to drive ATP synthesis. Chemiosmosis includes use of proton gradient generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane, during transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2$$ to O$$_2$$, to drive ATP synthesis on ATP synthase channel. Since inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can re-enter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (F$${_0}$$) of ATP synthase only.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following combination of physiological processes occur during photosynthesis?

A
Water is reduced and $$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ is oxidized

B
Both $$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ and water get oxidized

C
$$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ is reduced and water is oxidized

D
Both $$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ and water get reduced

Solution

Photosynthesis is a process of synthesizing food from sunlight and using carbon-dioxide and water as the reactants. It involves a series of electron transport reactions. In this electrons are transferred from the water to the carbon-dioxide to form glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$$).
So, water is oxidized by loosing electrons and carbon-dioxide is reduced by gaining electrons.
Question 3
1 / -0

Choose the correct statement from the following.

A
Stoma lamella membrane lacks PO and PS- I.

B
When PS- I is functional electrons flow in a non cyclic way.

C
ATPase enzyme consist of $$F_0$$ and $$F_1$$ units.

D
NADP reductase is a part of PS- II.

Solution

ATP synthase is an enzyme which helps in ATP synthesis. The enzyme ATP synthase has two part $$F_0$$ and $$F_1$$. $$F_0$$ is the part which transports protons across the membrane as a transmembrane channel while configuration changes in $$F_1$$ activates the enzyme. They phosphorylate ADP i.e., add one more phosphorus group to the ADP and converts ADP(adenosine diphosphate) to ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The proton gradient developed across the membrane is the driving force of ATP synthase.
Question 4
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Select correct statement concerning plants that utilize $$C_4$$ photosynthesis.

A
They only open their stomata in the day

B
They use bundle sheath cells to separate the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere

C
They use RuBisCO (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

D
They use lenticels exclusively for gaseous exchange in order to conserve water

E
All of the above are true
Solution
- CAM plants exhibit temporal separation of photosynthesis and open stomata during night only.
- In C4 plants, spatial separation of carbon dioxide fixation and RuBisCO activity in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of $$C_4$$ plants respectively avoids photorespiration by concentrating $$CO_2$$ in bundle sheath cells to scale down the oxygenase activity of RuBisCO and increase the RuBisCO efficiency.
- PEP carboxylase enzyme of mesophyll cells fixes Carbon dioxide and malate enters Calvin cycle in bundle sheath cells only.
- Thus, the correct answer is B.
Question 5
1 / -0

What is the name of cycle, which generates energy and splits water into hydrogen and oxygen?

A
Glycolysis

B
Photophosphorylation

C
Citric acid cycle

D
Electron transport cycle

Solution

Photophosphorylation refers to the use of light energy to ultimately provide the energy to convert ADP to ATP, thus replenishing the universal energy currency in living things. The light energy entering the plant splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.
H$$_2$$O + light energy -----> O $$_2$$ + 2H$$^-$$ + 2 electrons
These electrons travel through a membrane bound electron transport chain much like the electrons in oxidative phosphorylation, using their energy to pump protons through the membrane. The proton gradient thus established can be used to synthesize ATP.
Question 6
1 / -0

Plant shows adaptations to hot and dry climates is
I. CAM
II. Mycorrhizae
III. $${C}_{4}$$ photosynthesis

A
I only

B
II only

C
I and II

D
I and III

E
I, II, and III

Solution

Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas. The deserts are regions with hot and dry climates all the year round. Lack of rainfall or very little rainfall makes the climate extremely dry for the survival of plants. Hence the plants adapt to this by storing water in stems, roots, or fleshy leaves and by employing CAM process. Instead of synthesizing carbohydrates, the CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) photosynthetic process synthesize Crassulacean acid during the day while their stomata are closed and store it in their tissues. At night, when temperatures are lower and humidity higher, they open their stomata and break down the acids into carbohydrates using carbon dioxide from the air. CAM is extremely efficient at using water. Further, the desert plants follow a C4 photosynthesis process where an alternative pathway of Calvin cycle takes place during the dark phase of photosynthesis
Question 7
1 / -0

The products of light reaction of photosynthesis are

A
ATP and NADPH.

B
ATP and glucose.

C
NADH and glucose.

D
ATP and NADH.

E
NADPH and glucose.

Solution

The main photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a and accessory pigments chl. b, chl. c and carotenoids etc., trap the sunlight to carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reaction of photosynthesis produces ATP and NADPH which in turn serve as the energy source to drive the second phase of photosynthesis (dark reactions) during which carbohydrate synthesis takes place.
Question 8
1 / -0

Chloroplast dimorphism is a characteristic feature of

A
Plants with Calvin cycle.

B
C$$_4$$ plants.

C
All plants.

D
Algae only.

Solution

In Kranz anatomy, the vascular bundle is surrounded by two rings: Inner ring is bundle sheath cell and outer ring is mesophyll cells. Bundle sheath may be single layered as in Maize or double layered as in sugarcane. If two layered, the outer one is green and the inner one is thick walled and called as mestome sheath. Mesophyll cell chloroplasts are granal and starch lacking but the bundle sheath cell chloroplasts are without grana and rich in starch. Such feature is known as chloroplast dimorphism. Dimorphism of chloroplast is found in C$$_4$$ plants. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 9
1 / -0

Oxygen gas is one of the products of photosynthesis. Which reactant is the source for oxygen gas and how is it released?

A
Water, released when sunlight splits it into oxygen and hydrogen ions

B
Glucose, released when glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas and water

C
Carbon dioxide, released when sunlight splits it into carbon and oxygen gas

D
Electrons, released when they strike the chloroplasts

E
NADPH, released when NADPH breaks down into is component elements

Solution

Green plants capture energy and convert it into chemical energy by the process known as photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are transformed into simple carbohydrates and oxygen is liberated into the atmosphere.
light
6CO₂ + 12H₂O ----------------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
   chlorophyll
Water is also used as a source of hydrogen required for reduction of carbon dioxide to form carbohydrate.
Water is oxidised in presence of light and chlorophyll. Hydrogen is removed from water and oxygen is released as follows:
light
4‎H₂0 ---------------> 2‎H₂0 + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ + O₂
   chlorophyll
or,
2‎H₂O ----------------> 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ + O₂
Hence the source for oxygen gas is water and it is released when water splits in the presence of sunlight into oxygen and hydrogen ions.
So, the correct answer is 'Water, released when sunlight splits it into oxygen and hydrogen ions'.
Question 10
1 / -0

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate is a(n) ________ reaction that is coupled to a reaction known as ________.

A
Endergonic; Chemiosmosis

B
Exergonic; Chemiosmosis

C
Chemical; ATP synthase

D
Chemiosmotic; ATP synthase

Solution

Endergonic reactions are energy absorbing reactions, during the formation of ATP, iP is added to ADP using energy. So, formation of ATP is an endergonic reaction and it occurs through a process of chemiosmosis.
So, the correct answer is 'Endergonic; Chemiosmosis'

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 41

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 41

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Question 1

Glycolysis

Kerbs cycle

Chemiosmosis

(B) and (C) only

(A), (B) and (C)

Solution

Question 2

Water is reduced and $$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ is oxidized

Both $$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ and water get oxidized

$$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ is reduced and water is oxidized

Both $$\displaystyle { CO }_{ 2 }$$ and water get reduced

Solution

Question 3

Stoma lamella membrane lacks PO and PS- I.

When PS- I is functional electrons flow in a non cyclic way.

ATPase enzyme consist of $$F_0$$ and $$F_1$$ units.

NADP reductase is a part of PS- II.

Solution

Question 4

They only open their stomata in the day

They use bundle sheath cells to separate the Calvin cycle from the atmosphere

They use RuBisCO (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

They use lenticels exclusively for gaseous exchange in order to conserve water

All of the above are true

Solution

Question 5

Glycolysis

Photophosphorylation

Citric acid cycle

Electron transport cycle

Solution

Question 6

I only

II only

I and II

I and III

I, II, and III

Solution

Question 7

ATP and NADPH.

ATP and glucose.

NADH and glucose.

ATP and NADH.

NADPH and glucose.

Solution

Question 8

Plants with Calvin cycle.

C$$_4$$ plants.

All plants.

Algae only.

Solution

Question 9

Water, released when sunlight splits it into oxygen and hydrogen ions

Glucose, released when glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas and water

Carbon dioxide, released when sunlight splits it into carbon and oxygen gas

Electrons, released when they strike the chloroplasts

NADPH, released when NADPH breaks down into is component elements

Solution

Question 10

Endergonic; Chemiosmosis

Exergonic; Chemiosmosis

Chemical; ATP synthase

Chemiosmotic; ATP synthase

Solution

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