Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 42

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which element is required for photosynthetic evolution of oxygen?

A
Cu

B
Fe

C
Zn

D
Mn

Solution

Photolysis of water: Occurs at grana i.e., lumen side of grana thylakoid membrane with the help of water splitting complex or OEC (oxygen evolving complex). This step is associated with PS- II of Z- scheme.

Three minerals Mn ion, $${Ca}^+,{Cl}^-$$ are associated with splitting of water.

$$2H_2O\rightarrow4{H}^++ O_2+4{e}^-$$

Hence, the correct answer is 'Mn'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is true about the process shown below?
Food + oxygen $$\rightarrow$$ carbon dioxide + water + energy

A
It is caused by the decay of organic substances

B
It is an important process in the nitrogen cycle

C
It is carried out by green plants and certain bacteria

D
It is an essential process in living organism to provide energy and in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Solution

The given process is an essential process in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecule, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water hence the name photosynthesis and it uses carbon dioxide which is produced during cellular respiration.
6CO$$_2$$+6H$$_2$$O→C$$_6$$H$$_{12}$$O$$_6$$ +6O$$_2$$
Question 3
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Which of the following products of the light reaction are assimilated in dark reaction?
I. Reduced NADP (NADPH)
II. ATP
III. O$$_2$$

A
I only

B
II only

C
III only

D
I and II only

E
I, II and III

Solution

Splitting of water molecule during light reactions forms oxygen and the released electrons reduce NADP into NADPH. NADPH and ATP are used in dark reactions as an energy source for fixation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. Oxygen is the by-product of light reactions and is not consumed during dark reactions.
So, the correct answer is D.
Question 4
1 / -0

Chemiosmosis is a universal mechanism by which organisms harvest and store energy.

Which of the following best describes the process?

A
It is the process of whereby a proton gradient drives an energy-requiring reaction.

B
It is the process used to move protons up a concentration gradient for subsequent production of ATP

C
It is the process that uses pumps to drive chemicals across the membrane.

D
It is the movement of specific chemicals against its gradient coupled to the flow of protons down its concentration gradient.

Solution

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions and protons, along and against the concentration gradient, resulting in the formation of ATP. In the initial step EMF (electron motive force) is used to drive protons into the mitochondrial matrix up its concentration gradient, and in the latter part protons are moved along the concentration gradient using ATP synthase to produce ATP.
So, the correct answer is 'It is the process used to move protons up a concentration gradient for subsequent production of ATP'
Question 5
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The fixation of carbon dioxide takes place in ............ and results in the synthesis of ........... which act as a substrate for cellular respiration.

A
The stroma, ATP

B
The thylakoid space, ATP

C
The thylakoid space, carbohydrates

D
The stroma, carbohydrates

Solution

Fixation/reduction of CO$$_2$$ is a light independent reaction and takes place in the stroma.
The end product of light independent reaction, that is glucose, a carbohydrate is used for cellular reaction
So, the correct answer is 'The stroma, carbohydrates'
Question 6
1 / -0

In photosynthesis, an electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions is established by the movement of protons into the

A
Stroma

B
Thylakoid space

C
Inner membrane

D
Matrix

Solution

During photosynthesis an electrochemical gradient or proton motive force is created by release (photolysis) or movement of protons into thylakoid lumen from the stroma. The energy released during this movement is used for the formation of ATP molecules by ATP synthase, CF$$_o$$, CF$$_1$$ particles.

The thylakoid membrane is impermeable to protons, so the protons are transported through symporter proteins, H$$^+$$/Cl$$^-$$ or by antiporter protein,$$\uparrow$$H$$^+$$/$$\downarrow$$Mg$$^{+2}$$

So, the correct answer is 'Thylakoid space'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Organisms that have the ability to capture free energy from a light source, are able to use that energy to

A
Perform chemosynthesis.

B
Perform cellular respiration.

C
Perform photosynthesis.

D
Metabolize sulfur.

Solution

Photosynthesis is a process of converting light energy to chemical energy that can be utilized by the organism. So all organisms that are capable of utilizing light energy use it to perform photosynthesis
So, the correct answer is 'Perform photosynthesis'
Question 8
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The red and green lines in the graph shown below indicate the action spectra for chlorophyll pigment molecules during photosynthesis. The black line in the graph below shows the absorption spectrum for green plants.
Which of the following best explains the difference between the action spectra and the absorption spectrum in photosynthetic tissues?

A
Some wavelengths of light are absorbed by accessory pigment molecules not involved in the photosynthetic process

B
In very bright conditions, chlorophyll molecules absorb more photons of light than can be used in photosynthesis

C
At higher temperatures, chlorophyll pigment molecules become less efficient and must absorb more photons that normal to excite electrons

D
The process of photorespiration causes a discrepancy between the wavelengths of light absorbed and the excitation of electrons

Solution

The action spectrum includes the wavelength of light absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments that drive the process of photosynthesis which usually involves the red and the blue light. But white light or sunlight contain other wavelengths of light within the visible spectrum that are absorbed by other pigments.
For example pigment phytochrome absorbs far red wavelength of light responsible for photoperiodism. Similarly Cryptochromes, phototrophins etc absorb other wavelengths of the visible spectrum
The only wave length that is more reflected than absorbed is Green
So, the correct answer is 'Some wavelengths of light are absorbed by accessory pigment molecules not involved in the photosynthetic process'
Question 9
1 / -0

NADP is the abbreviation of

A
Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleostide phosphate.

B
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleostide phosphate.

C
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleous phosphate.

D
Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleous phosphate.

Solution

NADP is a coenzyme form of vitamin nicotinamide or niacin. Coenzymes are organic cofactors which are required for enzymatic action of certain enzymes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis. These require NADPH as a reducing agent. It is mainly produced in the light reaction of the photosynthesis.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have:

A
Thin walls, many intercellular spaces and no chloroplast

B
Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and large number of chloroplasts

C
Thin walls, no intercellular spaces and several chloroplasts

D
Thick walls, many intercellular space and few chloroplasts
Solution
Correct option: B
Explanation:
Kranz anatomy is a special structure in the leaves of plants that have a $$C_4$$ pathway of carbon dioxide fixation.
The leaves contain a ring of mesophyll cells, containing small dimorphic chloroplasts concerned with the initial fixing of carbon dioxide, surrounding a sheath of parenchyma cells (the bundle sheath) which has large chloroplasts involved in the Calvin cycle.
Bundle sheath cells surround the vascular bundles. The cells are thick-walled with no intercellular spaces.
For some plants, $$C_4$$ photosynthesis pathway has facilitated their adaptation to arid conditions, high temperatures, and marginal environments.
Understanding the basics of this pathway has applications for improvements in agricultural productivity and alternative fuel development.

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 42

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Question 1

Cu

Fe

Zn

Mn

Solution

Question 2

It is caused by the decay of organic substances

It is an important process in the nitrogen cycle

It is carried out by green plants and certain bacteria

It is an essential process in living organism to provide energy and in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Solution

Question 3

I only

II only

III only

I and II only

I, II and III

Solution

Question 4

It is the process of whereby a proton gradient drives an energy-requiring reaction.

It is the process used to move protons up a concentration gradient for subsequent production of ATP

It is the process that uses pumps to drive chemicals across the membrane.

It is the movement of specific chemicals against its gradient coupled to the flow of protons down its concentration gradient.

Solution

Question 5

The stroma, ATP

The thylakoid space, ATP

The thylakoid space, carbohydrates

The stroma, carbohydrates

Solution

Question 6

Stroma

Thylakoid space

Inner membrane

Matrix

Solution

Question 7

Perform chemosynthesis.

Perform cellular respiration.

Perform photosynthesis.

Metabolize sulfur.

Solution

Question 8

Some wavelengths of light are absorbed by accessory pigment molecules not involved in the photosynthetic process

In very bright conditions, chlorophyll molecules absorb more photons of light than can be used in photosynthesis

At higher temperatures, chlorophyll pigment molecules become less efficient and must absorb more photons that normal to excite electrons

The process of photorespiration causes a discrepancy between the wavelengths of light absorbed and the excitation of electrons

Solution

Question 9

Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleostide phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleostide phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleous phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleous phosphate.

Solution

Question 10

Thin walls, many intercellular spaces and no chloroplast

Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and large number of chloroplasts

Thin walls, no intercellular spaces and several chloroplasts

Thick walls, many intercellular space and few chloroplasts

Solution

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