Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 43

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Question 1
1 / -0

There are some processes that occur in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which process is common to both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
I. Chemiosmosis
II. Electron transport chain
III. Production of water

A
I only

B
II only

C
III only

D
I and II only

E
I and III only

Solution

The organelle involved in cellular respiration is mitochondrion and the one involved in photosynthesis is chloroplast.
I. Chemiosmosis is the formation of proton gradient which is necessary to drive ATP synthesis and occurs both in mitochondrion and chloroplast. In mitochondrion, a proton gradient is formed across the inner membrane while in chloroplast, a proton gradient is formed across the thylakoid membrane.
Hence, chemiosmosis occurs both in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
II. Electron Transport Chain or ETC consists of various enzymes and coenzymes and is involved in ATP production. In mitochondrion, ETC is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane while in chloroplast, ETC is present in the thylakoid membrane.
Hence, ETC is present in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
III. Production of water is associated only with photosynthesis and not with cellular respiration.
So, the correct answer is 'I and II only'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Chlorophyll molecules are located in the

A
Thylakoid membrane.

B
Thylakoid lumen.

C
Mitochondria.

D
Inner chloroplast membrane.

Solution

Chlorophyll is a green pigment which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis. It is mainly found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. It is also found in the stroma of the chloroplast in very small amount.
Question 3
1 / -0

The correct sequence of organelles in which glycolate and glyoxylate are produced sequentially in photorespiration is

A
Chloroplast and mitochondria

B
Chloroplast and peroxisome

C
Peroxisome and mitochondria

D
Peroxisome and chloroplast

Solution

The photorespiration is carried out in three organelles, the chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondria. The RUBP reacts with the fixed oxygen to give phosphoglycolate which is converted to glycolate. This process occurs in the chloroplast. The glycolate is transported to the peroxisome. The glycolate is converted to form the glyoxylate. These two products are formed in chloroplast and the peroxisome respectively.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
1 / -0

The $${C}_{4}$$ plants differ from $${C}_{3}$$ plants with respect to the

A
Substance that accepts $$C{O}_{2}$$ in carbon assimilation.

B
Type of end product.

C
Type of pigment involved in photosynthesis.

D
Number of ATP that is consumed in preparing sugar.

Solution

The C$$_4$$ plants differ from C$$_3$$ plants with reference to the substrate that accepts CO$$_2$$ in carbon assimilation. In the C$$_3$$ plants, CO$$_2$$ is assimilated by condensing with RuBP by the help of RuBisCO enzyme to yield the first stable product, three carbon compund PGA. In C$$_4$$ plants, CO$$_2$$ is assimilated by condensing with PEP, by the help of PEPCase enzyme to yield the first stable product, four carbon compound OAA.
Question 5
1 / -0

Photorespiration is an alternative process that some plants undergo under stressful environmental conditions. Which of the following best describes conditions that would most likely lead to a plant undergoing photorespiration?

A
High temperature and open stomata which leads to a build up of carbon dioxide in the leaf.

B
High temperatures and closed stomata which leads to a build up of oxygen gas in the leaf.

C
High temperature and closed stomata which leads to a build up of water and carbon dioxide in the leaf.

D
Low temperature and closed stomata which leads to a build up of water and oxygen gas in the leaf.

E
Low temperature and open stomata which leads to a build up of oxygen gas in the leaf.

Solution

In C3 plants, when there is high O₂ concentration and temperature, RuBisCO binds with O₂ instead of CO₂ and form one molecule of phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate in a pathway called photorespiration. The process can be understood in following steps:
1. Oxygen binds with RuBP oxygenase to form phosphoglycolate in chloroplast which gets converted to glycolate and transported to peroxisomes.
2. In peroxisomes it forms glyoxylate and then glycine.
3. Glycine then enters mitochondrion and looses NH4 and CO₂ in a reaction and form serine.
4. Serine is transported to peroxisomes and in a series of reaction it form glycerate which gets converted to phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) and then RuBP in the chloroplast.
Hence, the conditions that lead a plant to undergo photorespiration are high oxygen concentration which can build up when stomata are closed and high temperature.
So, the correct answer is 'High temperatures and closed stomata which leads to a build up of oxygen gas in the leaf'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Amount of solar energy received from the sun each year is

A
$$20\times 10^{5}k.cals$$

B
$$5\times 20^{10}k.cals$$

C
$$5\times 10^{30}k.cals$$

D
$$5\times 10^{20}k.cals$$
Solution
The sun is considered as the major source of energy. The solar energy is the renewable form of energy and is used for various purposes like generating electricity, working of the solar batteries, etc.
The total amount of the energy which is received by the Earth from the sun is equal to about 15×10$$^{20}$$ kcal.
The amount of solar energy which is received every year is about 5×10$$^{20}$$ kcal.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Photorespiratory reactions are operated in the

A
Chloroplasts, ribosomes and peroxisomes.

B
Chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes.

C
Mitochondria, preoxisomes and lysosomes.

D
Mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes.

Solution

Photorespiration is a biochemical process in plants in which under conditions of stress, the oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is released. During photorespiration, oxygen is used up in the chloroplast to form the two-carbon compound glycolate. The glycolate then enters a series of reactions that occur in the peroxisome and mitochondrion. After this, it takes up oxygen and releases carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

The basic constituent of chlorophyll and enzymes is

A
Iron

B
Nitrogen

C
Manganese

D
Nickel

Solution

There are different micro and macro nutrients required for the growth and development of the plants. Nitrogen is considered as one of the most important nutrients for the growth. Nitrogen is also involved in the process of photosynthesis. The nitrogen is present in the porphyrin rings of the chlorophyll pigment. There are many enzymes which are involved in the reactions of photosynthesis. These enzymes contain nitrogen. The enzyme RuBisCo which is involved in carbon fixation contains nitrogen
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which one of the following pigment functions as a reaction center in photosynthesis?

A
Chlorophyll-a

B
Xanthophyll

C
Carotenoid

D
Anthocyanin
Solution
- Xanthophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin are the accessory pigments that trap the sunlight and pass it to the reaction centre molecule.
- Chlorophyll a serves as reaction centre and serves to transfer the electrons to the primary electron acceptors.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

This element is a constituent of chlorophyll

A
Manganese

B
Magnesium

C
Potassium

D
Zinc

Solution

The chlorophyll molecule consists of a central magnesium atom surrounded by a nitrogen-containing structure called a porphyrin ring; attached to the ring is a long carbon-hydrogen side chain, known as a phytol chain.
Hence the correct answer is (B)

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 43

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 43

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Question 1

I only

II only

III only

I and II only

I and III only

Solution

Question 2

Thylakoid membrane.

Thylakoid lumen.

Mitochondria.

Inner chloroplast membrane.

Solution

Question 3

Chloroplast and mitochondria

Chloroplast and peroxisome

Peroxisome and mitochondria

Peroxisome and chloroplast

Solution

Question 4

Substance that accepts $$C{O}_{2}$$ in carbon assimilation.

Type of end product.

Type of pigment involved in photosynthesis.

Number of ATP that is consumed in preparing sugar.

Solution

Question 5

High temperature and open stomata which leads to a build up of carbon dioxide in the leaf.

High temperatures and closed stomata which leads to a build up of oxygen gas in the leaf.

High temperature and closed stomata which leads to a build up of water and carbon dioxide in the leaf.

Low temperature and closed stomata which leads to a build up of water and oxygen gas in the leaf.

Low temperature and open stomata which leads to a build up of oxygen gas in the leaf.

Solution

Question 6

$$20\times 10^{5}k.cals$$

$$5\times 20^{10}k.cals$$

$$5\times 10^{30}k.cals$$

$$5\times 10^{20}k.cals$$

Solution

Question 7

Chloroplasts, ribosomes and peroxisomes.

Chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes.

Mitochondria, preoxisomes and lysosomes.

Mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes.

Solution

Question 8

Iron

Nitrogen

Manganese

Nickel

Solution

Question 9

Chlorophyll-a

Xanthophyll

Carotenoid

Anthocyanin

Solution

Question 10

Manganese

Magnesium

Potassium

Zinc

Solution

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