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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 47

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 47
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration occurs in
    Solution
    Photorespiration is a process which involves loss of fixed carbon as $$CO_{2}$$ in plants in the presence of light. It is also known as $$C_{2}$$ cycle. It is initiated in chloroplasts, but it occurs in peroxisomes. This process does not produce ATP or NADPH and is a wasteful process. Photorespiration occurs usually when there is the high concentration of oxygen. Under such circumstances, RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of RuBP during the first step of Calvin cycle, functions as an oxygenase. Some $$O_{2}$$ does not bind to RuBisCO and hence $$CO_{2}$$ fixation is decreased. The RuBP binds with $$O_{2}$$ to form one molecule of PGA (3C compound) and phosphoglycolate (2C compound) in the pathway of photorespiration. Rather, it results in the release of $$CO_{2}$$ with the utilization of ATP. It leads to a 25 percent loss of the fixed $$CO_{2}$$. $$O_{2}$$ is first utilized in chloroplasts and then in peroxisomes.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Synthesis of $$ADP + Pi \longrightarrow ATP$$ in grana/photosynthesis is
    Solution
    Photophosphorylation is the process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy through the production of ATP. It is the process of formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (IP) utilizing light energy. It occurs in grana of chloroplast during photosynthesis. The process of reduction of $$NADP$$ into $$NADP + H^{+}$$ may be denoted as electron transport system (ETS). The flow of electrons through ETS is linked to photophosphorylation. Electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers over which electrons pass in a downhill journey releasing energy at every step that is used in generating an electrochemical proton gradient which helps in synthesizing ATP. Based on the path of electrons, associated photophosphorylation can be identified as non-cyclic and cyclic phosphorylation.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    First product of photorespiration is
    Solution
    Photorespiration is the uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide in light and results from the biosynthesis of glycolate in chloroplasts and subsequent metabolism of glycolate acid in the leaf cell which provide the first product as two molecules of phosphoglycolate which undergoes various step reaction to form three phosphoglyceric acid in C$$_3$$ plants by entering Calvin cycle.
    So the correct option is 'Phosphoglycolate'
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    ATP does not provide phosphate in the reaction
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Chemiosmosis was first described by
    Solution
    The chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is based on proton gradient. The chemiosmotic hypothesis was explained by P. Mitchell in 1961. He recieved noble prize for it in 1978. ATP synthesis is linked to the development of a proton gradient across the membrane of the thylakoid of chloroplast and proton accumulation is towards the inside of the membrane i.e. in the lumen. 
  • Question 6
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    Two types of photosynthetic pigments are
    Solution
    The photosynthetic pigments are of two types chlorophylls and carotenoids. Chlorophyll is further classified as chlorophylls a, b, c, and d as well as bacteriochlorophyll that found in prokaryotes. In plants, chlorophylls a and chlorophylls b are the main photosynthetic pigments. In carotenoids there are two broad types are follows they are carotenes and xanthophylls.
    so the correct one is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Chemiosmotic hypothesis given by Peter Mitchell proposes the mechanism of
    Solution
    Peter Mitchell proposed a hypothesis known as the chemiosmotic hypothesis that an electrochemical concentration gradient of protons across a membrane could be utilized to make ATP. He linked this process to osmosis, the diffusion of water across a membrane, this is the reason it is called chemiosmosis.
    So the correct option is 'Synthesis of ATP'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Core metal of chlorophyll is
    Solution

    Structure of chl-a look like tadpole.

    It has Porphyrin head and phytol tail.

    Porphyrin head- Size is $$15 X 15 {A}^0$$. It is hydrophilic and acidic in nature. Its a tetrapyrole structure. Mg is a core metal held by 2 coordinate and 2 covalent bonds.

    Phytol tail- Size is $$20 {A}^0$$ long. It is hydrophobic and alcoholic in nature. Tail remain embedded in lipid bilayer of thylakoid membrane.

    So, the correct answer is 'Mg'.

  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is the common product of both respiration and photosynthesis?
    Solution
    Photosynthesis by the activation of chlorophyll and transfer of electron traps energy in the form of light reaction which is further utilized to manufacture glucose molecule while in respiration that molecule of glucose breaks down and electrons are transferred through carriers that release energy that forms ATP.
    So the correct option is 'ATP'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Photorespiration occurs in
    Solution
    Photorespiration is the process in which the RuBisCO binds with the oxygen instead of carbon dioxide due to the increase in its concentration in the green parts of the plant. It is specifically seen in plants that grow in the temperate region and is also affected by the intensity of light given.
    The examples are wheat, rice, barley etc.
    So the correct option is 'Green photosynthetic parts'.
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