Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 49

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which element is required for photosynthetic evolution of oxygen?

A
Cu

B
Fe

C
Zn

D
Mn

Solution

Photolysis of water: Occurs at grana i.e., lumen side of grana thylakoid membrane with the help of water splitting complex or OEC (oxygen evolving complex). This step is associated with PS- II of Z- scheme.

Three minerals Mn ion, $${Ca}^+,{Cl}^-$$ are associated with splitting of water.

$$2H_2O\rightarrow4{H}^++ O_2+4{e}^-$$
Hence, the correct answer is 'Mn'.
Question 2
1 / -0

The pigment present universally in all green oxygenic plants is

A
Chlorophyll a

B
Chlorophyll b

C
Chlorophyll c

D
Chlorophyll d.

Solution

Chlorophyll a is the universal pigment found in all the photosynthetic organisms except bacteria. On the other hand, chlorophyll b, c, d, e are very specific. Chlorophyll “a” and “b”- are found in the chloroplasts of green plants and algae belonging to class Chlorophyceae.

So, the correct option is 'Chlorophyll a'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Chlorophyll appears green because it

A
Reflects green light

B
Transmits green light

C
Absorbs green light

D
Transforms green light

Solution

Green plants are green because they contain a pigment called chlorophyll. As shown in detail in the absorption spectra, chlorophyll absorbs light in the red (long wavelength) and the blue (short wavelength) regions of the visible light spectrum. Greenlight is not absorbed but reflected, making the plant appear green.

So, the correct option is 'Option A'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Chemical which absorbs light energy and changes it to chemical energy is

A
Xanthophyll

B
Chlorophyll a

C
Chlorophyll b

D
Chlorophyll c

Solution

Light energy is converted to chemical energy when a photochemically excited special chlorophyll molecule of the photosynthetic reaction centre loses an electron, undergoing an oxidation reaction. In the light reactions, one molecule of the pigment chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron. This electron is passed to a modified form of chlorophyll called pheophytin, which passes the electron to a quinone molecule, allowing the start of a flow of electrons down an electron transport chain that leads to the ultimate reduction of NADP to NADPH. In addition, this creates a proton gradient across the chloroplast membrane; its dissipation is used by ATP synthase for the concomitant synthesis of ATP. The chlorophyll molecule regains the lost electron from a water molecule through a process called photolysis, which releases the dioxygen (o2) molecule.

So, the correct option is 'Chlorophyll a'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Reaction centre of photosynthesis is formed of

A
Chl b

B
Chl a

C
Carotene

D
Xanthophyll

Solution

A photosynthetic reaction centre is a protein that is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis. The reaction centre contains pigments such as chlorophyll and phaeophytin. These absorb light, promoting an electron to a higher energy level within the pigment. The free energy created is used to reduce an electron acceptor and is critical for the production of chemical energy during photosynthesis.

So, the correct option is 'Chl a'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Photoautotrophs lacking chlorophyll a are

A
Cyanobacteria

B
Red algae

C
Brown algae

D
Bacteria

Solution

Cyanobacteria are different in many important ways from other photosynthetic prokaryotes. Instead of the bacteriochlorophylls found in purple and green bacteria, blue-greens contain chlorophyll a, as in eukaryotic phototrophs, and, produce free oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria, however, lack the organized chloroplasts of eukaryotes and have their photosynthetic apparatus distributed peripherally in the cytoplasm.

So, the correct option is 'Option A'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Match the columns and find the correct combination.

I II
a Carboxylation i Oxygen evolution
b Phosphorylation ii Photorespiration
c Photolysis of water iii Rubisco
d Phosphoglycolate iv Chemosynthesis
e Nitrosomonas v ATP

A
a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv, e-v

B
a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii, e-iv

C
a-ii, b-iii, c-v, d-iv, e-i

D
a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii, e-v

E
a-v, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii, e-i.

Solution

a. Carboxylation- It is the initial reaction of the Calvin cycle in which the atmospheric CO$$_2$$ combines with ribulose- 1, biphosphate to form 3- PGA catalyzed by RUBISCO enzyme.
b. Phosphorylation- It is the process of phosphate group transfer into ADP to synthesize energy-rich ATP molecules making use of light as an external energy source.
c. Photolysis of water- The PS II reaction center, by transferring the electron to the primary acceptor, becomes oxidized. This oxidized chlorophyll molecule takes replacement electron from water, which splits, releasing oxygen.
d. Photorespiration- in presence of a high concentration of oxygen, the enzyme RuBP oxygenase splits a molecule of Ribulose-1, 5- biphosphate into one molecule each of 3-PGA and 2- phosphoglycolate.
e. Chemosynthesis- the synthesis of organic compounds by Nitrosomonas bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.

Hence, the correct answer is 'a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii, e-iv'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Respiration initiated in chloroplasts and occurring in light is called

A
Aerobic respiration

B
Anaerobic respiration

C
Fermentation

D
Photorespiration

Solution

A. Aerobic respiration is the oxidative breakdown of respiratory substrates with the help of atmospheric O$$_2$ $.
B. Anaerobic respiration is the oxidative breakdown of respiratory substrates in absence of O$$_2$$.
C. Fermentation -The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
D. Photorespiration: It is inhibition of photosynthesis by high O$$_2$$ level. It was termed as Warburg effect. However, the inhibition was observed mostly in C$$_3$$ plants. The C$$_4$$ plants were hardly affected by varying O$$_2$$ concentrations. The process occurs in chloroplast, peroxisome and mitochondria.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Photorespiration'.
Question 9
1 / -0

ATP synthetase of chloroplasts is similar to that of

A
Mitochondria

B
Peroxisomes

C
Golgi bodies

D
Microsomes.
Solution
Mitochondria and chloroplast both have:
- A double membrane surrounding the organelles.
- Purportedly prokaryotic origins according to the endosymbiotic theory which suggests that mitochondria and chloroplast were once prokaryotic bacteria engulfed by endocytosis in early eukaryotes.
- Their own circular DNA which codes for certain enzymes required for the chemical reactions that take place in these organelles.
- Their own 70S ribosomes made up of 50S and 30S subunits to translate proteins
- The enzyme ATP synthase which utilizes the energy released from the movement of protons across it (proton-motive force) to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. (Thus, another similarity would be that they both produce ATP)
- Electron transport chains, which are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and thylakoid membrane in mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively.
So, the correct option is 'Mitochondria'.
Question 10
1 / -0

How many molecules of glycine are required to release one molecule of CO$$_2$$ in photorespiration?

A
One

B
Two

C
Three

D
Four

Solution

Answer is option B i.e. "Two"
Photorespiration is a process in plant metabolism. It takes place in the chloroplasts, leaf peroxisomes and mitochondria. Two molecules of glycine combine in mitochondria during photorespiration and forms serine to release one carbon dioxide.

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	I		II
a	Carboxylation	i	Oxygen evolution
b	Phosphorylation	ii	Photorespiration
c	Photolysis of water	iii	Rubisco
d	Phosphoglycolate	iv	Chemosynthesis
e	Nitrosomonas	v	ATP

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 49

Result

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 49

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Cu

Fe

Zn

Mn

Solution

Question 2

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll c

Chlorophyll d.

Solution

Question 3

Reflects green light

Transmits green light

Absorbs green light

Transforms green light

Solution

Question 4

Xanthophyll

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Chlorophyll c

Solution

Question 5

Chl b

Chl a

Carotene

Xanthophyll

Solution

Question 6

Cyanobacteria

Red algae

Brown algae

Bacteria

Solution

Question 7

a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv, e-v

a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii, e-iv

a-ii, b-iii, c-v, d-iv, e-i

a-i, b-iii, c-iv, d-ii, e-v

a-v, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii, e-i.

Solution

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration

Fermentation

Photorespiration

Solution

Question 9

Mitochondria

Peroxisomes

Golgi bodies

Microsomes.

Solution

Question 10

One

Two

Three

Four

Solution

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