Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 55

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

$$C_4$$ plants have better productivity because

A
$$C_4$$ plants absorb more light

B
$$C_4$$ plants absorb more $$CO_2$$

C
$$C_4$$ plants do not perform photorespiration

D
$$C_4$$ plants have more amount of RuBisCO

Solution

A) $${ C }_{ 4 }$$ plants have the same pigments that $${ C }_{ 3 }$$ plants do and this does not affect the amount of light absorbed.
B) $${ C }_{ 4 }$$ plants and $${ C }_{ 3 }$$ plants absorb the same amount of energy.
C) $${ C }_{ 4 }$$ plants do not perform photorespiration and recycle their carbon dioxide, which increases their efficiency.
D) $${ C }_{ 4 }$$ plants have PEP carboxylase and some amounts of RuBisCO.
So the correct answer is '$${ C }_{ 4 }$$ plants do not perform photorespiration'.
Question 2
1 / -0

In photosrespiration, glycine passes from

A
Chloroplast to peroxisome

B
Chloroplast to mitochondrion

C
Peroxisome to mitochondrion

D
Mitochondrion to peroxisome

Solution

A) Glycine is not present in the chloroplast.
B) Glycine does not pass from the chloroplast to the mitochondrion.
C) Glycine passes from the peroxisome to the mitochondrion.
D) Serine is passed from the mitochondrion to the peroxisome.
So the correct answer is 'Peroxisome to mitochondrion'.
Question 3
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Photorespiration is a characteristic feature of plants having

A
$$C_4$$ cycle

B
$$C_3$$ cycle

C
Aerobic respiration

D
None of the above

Solution

Photorespiration is a characteristic feature of plants having $$C_{3}$$ cycle. This process does not occur in $$C_{4}$$ plants. It is a process which involves loss of fixed carbon as $$CO_{2}$$ in plants in the presence of light. It is initiated in chloroplasts. This process does not produce ATP or NADPH and is a wasteful process. Photo-respiratory reactions are operated in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Loss of $$CO_{2}$$ occurs in mitochondria. Photorespiration occurs usually when there is the high concentration of oxygen. Under such circumstances, RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of RuBP during the first step of Calvin cycle, functions as an oxygenase. Some $$O_{2}$$ does not bind to RuBisCO and hence $$CO_{2}$$ fixation is decreased. The RuBP binds with $$O_{2}$$ to form one molecule of PGA (3C compound) and phosphoglycolate (2C compound) in the pathway of photorespiration. Rather, it results in the release of $$CO_{2}$$ with the utilization of ATP. It leads to a 25 percent loss of the fixed $$CO_{2}$$. $$O_{2}$$ is first utilized in chloroplasts and then in peroxisomes. It decreases photosynthetic output.
Question 4
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During photorespiration, which compounds are formed having 2C and 3C respectively in peroxisome?

A
Glycolate, glycine

B
Serine, glycine

C
Glycine, glycerate

D
Phosphoglycerate, glycolate

Solution

A) Glycolate is a 2 carbon molecule formed in the chloroplast while glycine is a 2 carbon molecule formed in the peroxisome.
B) Serine is a 3 carbon molecule while glycine is a 2 carbon molecule formed in the peroxisome.
C) Glycine is a 2 carbon molecule and glycerate is a 3 carbon molecule formed in the peroxisome.
D) Glycolate and phosphoglycolate are both 2 carbon molecules formed in the chloroplast.
So the correct answer is 'Glycine, glycerate'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Number of ATP molecules formed from 8 molecules of water due to noncyclic electron transport and subsequent photophosphorylation is

A
8

B
4

C
16

D
12

Solution

A) 16 ATP molecules are formed when 8 molecules of water are split in noncyclic electron transport and photophosphorylation.
B) 16 molecules of ATP are formed are formed from 8 molecules of water.
C) In noncyclic electron transport and photophosphorylation, 2 ATPs are produced per water molecule split. So, for 8 molecules of water, 2 x 8 = 16 ATPs are formed.
D) 16 molecules of ATP are formed.
So the correct answer is '16'.
Question 6
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Which set of pigments are involved in green plant photosynthesis?

A
Chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins

B
Chlorophylls, carotenoids and betacyanins

C
Chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins

D
Chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls

Solution

A) Anthocyanins are found in the cell vacuole, mostly in flowers and fruits, but also in leaves, stems, and roots. They do not take part in photosynthesis.
B) Beetroot contains a red pigment called betacyanin, which is located in the large central vacuole of the beetroot cells. It is a reddish-violet pigment that is not involved in photosynthesis.
C) Phycobilins are red or blue photosynthetic pigments present in some algae. They are not present in higher plants.
D) Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment while carotenes and xanthophylls are accessory pigments which aid in photosynthesis.
So the correct answer is 'Chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls'.
Question 7
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ATP synthesis in cell requires

A
$$H^+$$ gradient across the membrane

B
$$K^+$$ gradient across the membrane

C
$$PO^{3-}_4$$ gradient across the membrane

D
$$Ca^{2+}$$ gradient across the membrane

Solution

A) A $${ H }^{ + }$$ gradient or proton pump is developed in the lumen of the thylakoid which helps in ATP synthesis.
B) $${ K }^{ + }$$ does not play a role in ATP synthesis.
C) $${ PO }_{ 4 }^{ 3- }$$ does not play a role in ATP synthesis.
D) $${ Ca }^{ 2+ }$$ is involved in the photolysis of water.
So the correct answer is '$${ H }^{ + }$$ gradient across the membrane'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Oxygen released in photosynthesis is formed during

A
Oxidative phosphorylation

B
Cyclic photophosphorylation

C
Noncyclic photophosphorylation

D
Carbon assimilation during dark reactions

Solution

Non-cyclic phosphorylation involves both Photosystem I and Photosystem II. These two photosystems work in series, first PS II and then PS I. The two photosystems are connected through an electron transport chain. $$NADPH$$ is synthesized by this kind of electron flow. Electrons are transferred from the PS II and then passed on to the pigments of PS I. Then, electrons get excited and transferred to another acceptor. These electrons are then moved downhill again to a molecule of $$NADP^{+}$$. The addition of these electrons results in the formation of $$NADPH$$. The electron released from PS II by $$P_{680}$$ must be replaced. This is achieved by electrons available due to the splitting of water. The water splitting complex is associated with PS II, which itself is physically located on the inner side of the membrane of the thylakoid. Water is split into $$H^{+}$$, $$[O]$$ and electrons. The protons and oxygen formed by splitting of water are released within the lumen of the thylakoids. Oxygen released in photosynthesis is formed during this process.
$$2H_{2}O$$ $$\longrightarrow$$ $$4H^{+}$$ + $$O_{2}$$ + $$4e^{-}$$
Question 9
1 / -0

Match and find the correct combination
(a) Chlorophyll a (i) Yellow
(b) Chlorophyll b (ii) Bright or blue green
(c) Xanthophyll (iii) Yellow, yellow orange
(d) Carotenoids (iv) Yellow green

A
a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii

B
a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i

C
a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

D
a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii
Solution
Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants and another green part of plants like stem etc. The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the mesophyll of leaves. Special pigments present in photosynthetic cells are known as photosynthetic pigments. Photosynthetic pigments have an ability to absorb light at specific wavelengths. Following are the types of photosynthetic pigments:
Chlorophyll a - It is the primary photosynthetic pigment. It absorbs light of bright or blue-green colour. It is the main pigment, others are accessory pigments.
Chlorophyll b - It is accessory pigment. It absorbs light of yellow-green colour.
Xanthophyll - It is accessory pigment. It absorbs light of yellow colour. It contains oxygen.
Carotenoids - It is also an accessory pigment. It absorbs yellow and yellow-orange light. Autumnal leaf colour is due to carotenoids.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Magnesium in chlorophyll molecule is located in

A
Centre of porphyrin head

B
Corner of porphyrin head

C
Phytol tail

D
None of the above.

Solution

Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants and another green part of plants like stem etc. The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the mesophyll of leaves. Mesophyll cells have many chloroplasts, which contain the specialized light absorbing pigments. These pigments are known as photosynthetic pigments. Chlorophyll and carotenoids are the types of photosynthetic pigments. Chlorophyll is the primary pigment and carotenoids are the accessory pigments. Chemistry of photosynthetic pigments was first studied by Willstatter and Stoll in 1912. They discovered that chlorophyll has a tadpole-like configuration. It has a head called porphyrin and a tail made up of long chain alcohol called phytol. Porphyrin head is made up of four pyrrole rings which are linked by methine bridges. 5 atoms— 4 carbon and one nitrogen forms the skeleton of each pyrrole ring. Chlorophyll contains a Magnesium ion. Four nitrogen atoms surround and bind the Magnesium atom. Magnesium in chlorophyll molecule is located in centre of porphyrin head. This centre uniquely defines the structure as a Chlorophyll molecule.

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(a)	Chlorophyll a	(i)	Yellow
(b)	Chlorophyll b	(ii)	Bright or blue green
(c)	Xanthophyll	(iii)	Yellow, yellow orange
(d)	Carotenoids	(iv)	Yellow green

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 55

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 55

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Question 1

$$C_4$$ plants absorb more light

$$C_4$$ plants absorb more $$CO_2$$

$$C_4$$ plants do not perform photorespiration

$$C_4$$ plants have more amount of RuBisCO

Solution

Question 2

Chloroplast to peroxisome

Chloroplast to mitochondrion

Peroxisome to mitochondrion

Mitochondrion to peroxisome

Solution

Question 3

$$C_4$$ cycle

$$C_3$$ cycle

Aerobic respiration

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

Glycolate, glycine

Serine, glycine

Glycine, glycerate

Phosphoglycerate, glycolate

Solution

Question 5

8

4

16

12

Solution

Question 6

Chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins

Chlorophylls, carotenoids and betacyanins

Chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins

Chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls

Solution

Question 7

$$H^+$$ gradient across the membrane

$$K^+$$ gradient across the membrane

$$PO^{3-}_4$$ gradient across the membrane

$$Ca^{2+}$$ gradient across the membrane

Solution

Question 8

Oxidative phosphorylation

Cyclic photophosphorylation

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

Carbon assimilation during dark reactions

Solution

Question 9

a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii

a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i

a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i

a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii

Solution

Question 10

Centre of porphyrin head

Corner of porphyrin head

Phytol tail

None of the above.

Solution

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