Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 57

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the option is correct for photorespiration?

A
In peroxisome, glycerate forms phosphoglycolate

B
In chloroplast, glycerate forms glycine

C
In mitochondrion, glycine forms serine

D
In bundle sheath, serine forms glycine.

Solution

The phosphoglycolate which is formed in the choloroplast (as a result of affinity of RuBisCo to the $$O_2$$) is transferred to the peroxisome in the form of glycolate. The Glycolate in peroxisomes is converted to glycine through some intermediates and then transferred to the mitochondria. In the mitochondria the glycine is converted to serine and transferred back to peroxisome. Thus, the correct option is C
Question 2
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Which of the following is true for photosynthesis?

A
Reduction of CO$$_2$$ and water

B
Oxidation of CO$$_2$$ and water

C
Reduction of CO$$_2$$ and oxidation of water

D
Oxidation of CO$$_2$$ and reduction of water

Solution

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process of the manufacturing of organic compounds. It is characterized by a reduction of $$CO_2$$ and an oxidation of water. It decreases the concentration of $$CO_2$$ in the atmosphere but increases the concentration of $$O_2$$.
Question 3
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The process which makes major difference between $$C_3$$ and $$C_4$$ plants is

A
Respiration

B
Glycolysis

C
Calvin cycle

D
Photorespiration

Solution

Photorespiration: It is inhibition of photosynthesis by high O$$_2$$ level. It was termed as Warburg effect. However, the inhibition was observed mostly in C$$_3$$ plants. The C$$_4$$ plants were hardly affected by varying O$$_2$$ concentrations. This is because of the spatial difference between the carbon dioxide fixation and the commencement of the C$$_3$$ cycle in the C$$_4$$ plants. The former occurs in the mesophyll cells, the latter occurs in the bundle-sheath cells.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Photorespiration'.
Question 4
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How many molecules of glycine is required to release one $$CO_2$$ molecule in photorespiration?

A
One

B
Two

C
Three

D
Four

Solution

Photorespiration is a wasteful process which occurs due to attachment of oxygen at the active site of enzyme RuBisCO instead of carbon dioxide. Phosphoglycolate is formed in place of 3-phosphoglycerate. It takes place in the chloroplasts, leaf peroxisomes and mitochondria. Two molecules of glycine combine in mitochondria during photorespiration and form serine and release one CO$$_2$$.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
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During photorespiration, in which of the following NAD is reduced?

A
Mitochondria and peroxisome

B
Chloroplast and peroxisome

C
Chloroplast and mitochondria

D
Mitochondria

Solution

In Mitochondria, the decarboxylation of Glycine in the presence of glycine decarboxylase and also deamination releases $$CO_2$$ and $$NH_3$$ resulting in formation of serine. Furthermore, NAD is reduced to NADH. The serine thus formed enters the peroxisome.
Question 6
1 / -0

Chemiosmotic hypothesis of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is based on

A
Accumulation of $$K^+$$ ions

B
Proton gradient

C
Accumulation of $$Na^+$$ ions

D
Membrane potential

Solution

The chemiosmotic hypothesis was explained was explained by P. Mitchell. This mechanism explains how ATP is synthesised in the chloroplast. It is based on proton gradient. ATP synthesis is linked to the development of proton gradient across the membrane of the thylakoid and the proton accumulation is towards the inside of the membrane i.e., in the lumen. The gradient is important because the breakdown of this gradient leads to the release of energy. Photolysis of water takes place towards the thylakoid lumen which leads to the release of hydrogen ions or protons.
Question 7
1 / -0

The process which makes major difference between $$C_3$$ and $$C_4$$ plants is

A
Respiration

B
Glycolysis

C
Calvin cycle

D
Photorespiration

Solution

Photorespiration is a process which involves loss of fixed carbon as $$CO_{2}$$ in plants in the presence of light. It is initiated in chloroplasts. This process does not produce ATP or NADPH and is a wasteful process. It occurs usually when there is the high concentration of oxygen. Under such circumstances, RuBisCO, the enzyme that catalyses the carboxylation of RuBP during the first step of Calvin cycle, functions as an oxygenase. Some $$O_{2}$$ does bind to RuBisCO and hence $$CO_{2}$$ fixation is decreased. The RuBP binds with $$O_{2}$$ to form one molecule of PGA (3C compound) and phosphoglycolate (2C compound) in the pathway of photorespiration. There is neither the synthesis of sugar nor of ATP. This process makes the major difference between $$C_{3}$$ and $$C_{4}$$ plants.
In $$C_{4}$$ plants, photorespiration does not occur. This is because these plants have a mechanism that increases the concentration of $$CO_{2}$$ at the enzyme site. Thus, the productivity and yields are better in $$C_{4}$$ plants as compared to $$C_{3}$$ plants.
Question 8
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Reason behind negligible/ no rate of photorespiration in $$C_{4}$$ plant is _________________.

A
High level of internal $$CO_{2}$$

B
Agranal chloroplast of Bundle sheath cell

C
Low level of internal $$O_{2}$$ aroung RuBisco

D
More than one option correct
Question 9
1 / -0

Genotypically the pollen grains produced by an anther belong to.

A
One type

B
Two types

C
Many types

D
All the above

Solution

Pollen grains are formed after meiosis when segregation and independent assortment of chromosomes occur. A microspore mother cell with genotype Tt Rr Aa can form TRA, TRa, TrA, Tra, tRa, trA, tra types of pollen grains.
So the correct option is 'Many types'
Question 10
1 / -0

How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of one mole of glucose to $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$ yields $$686$$kcal and the useful chemical energy available in the high energy phosphate bond of one mole of ATP is $$12$$kcal?

A
$$1$$

B
$$2$$

C
$$30$$

D
$$57.1$$

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 57

Result

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 57

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

In peroxisome, glycerate forms phosphoglycolate

In chloroplast, glycerate forms glycine

In mitochondrion, glycine forms serine

In bundle sheath, serine forms glycine.

Solution

Question 2

Reduction of CO$$_2$$ and water

Oxidation of CO$$_2$$ and water

Reduction of CO$$_2$$ and oxidation of water

Oxidation of CO$$_2$$ and reduction of water

Solution

Question 3

Respiration

Glycolysis

Calvin cycle

Photorespiration

Solution

Question 4

One

Two

Three

Four

Solution

Question 5

Mitochondria and peroxisome

Chloroplast and peroxisome

Chloroplast and mitochondria

Mitochondria

Solution

Question 6

Accumulation of $$K^+$$ ions

Proton gradient

Accumulation of $$Na^+$$ ions

Membrane potential

Solution

Question 7

Respiration

Glycolysis

Calvin cycle

Photorespiration

Solution

Question 8

High level of internal $$CO_{2}$$

Agranal chloroplast of Bundle sheath cell

Low level of internal $$O_{2}$$ aroung RuBisco

More than one option correct

Question 9

One type

Two types

Many types

All the above

Solution

Question 10

$$1$$

$$2$$

$$30$$

$$57.1$$

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