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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 66

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 66
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Select the correct option:
    Read the given statement and select the correct option.
    Statement 1 : Photorespiration interferes with the successful function of Calvin cycle. 
    Statement 2 :In  Photorespiration Oxygen is added to ribulos1, 5 biphosphate which is an acceptor of $$CO_{2}$$ in Calvin cycle.
    Solution
    1. Photorespiration (Photosynthetic carbon oxidative or PCO cycle) is the light dependent process of oxygenation of rbulose-1, 5-biphosphate (RuBP) and release of $$CO_{2}$$ by the photosynthetic organs of a plant.
    2.  Under normal conditions, in Calvin cycle, carboxylation of RuBP takes place whereas during photorespiration instead of carboxylation , oxygenation of RuBP takes place. 
    3. This is due to abnormal behavior of enzyme RuBisCO, which at high temperature (more than $$35^{o}C$$), functions as oxygenase (instead of carboxylase). Instead of fixing $$CO_{2}$$ it performs oxygenation of RuBP to produce a 3- carbon phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) and a 2- carbon phosphoglycolate. It is the first reaction of photorespiration and can be represented as :  
    $$RuBP + O_{2} $$$$\xrightarrow[oxygenase]{RuBP} $$PGA + Phosphoglycolate $$
    4.In this way, photorespiration interferes with the successful function of Calvin cycle by causing oxygenation of RuBP instead of carboxylation. , So the correct answer is 'Both statement 1 and 2 are correct'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Identify the parts marked as A, B and C in the given figure showing ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis. 

    Solution
    Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.
    A represents the thylakoid lumen, b-Fo & c-F1.
    So, the correct option is 'A-Thylakoid lumen; B-
    F0F0 ; C-F1'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In an experiment in which photosynthesis is performed during the day you provide a plant with radioactive carbon dioxide ($$^{14}CO_2$$) as a metabolic tracer. The $$^{14}C$$ is incorporated first into oxaloacetic acid. The plant is best characterised as a 
    Solution

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In $$C_4$$ plants, Calvin cycle enzymes are present in _______ .
    Solution
    $$C_4$$ pathway occurs in plants growing in adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, to efficiently fix $$CO_2$$ and prevent photorespiration, fixation occurs in two morphologically and chemically different cells; the bundle sheath and the mesophyll cells. Initially $$CO_2$$ from the atmosphere is accepted by PhosphoEnolPyruvic acid to form OxaloAceticAcid in the mesophyll cells surrounding the bundle sheath as a ring (Kranz) and then OAA is transported to the bundle sheath cells for decarboxylation and fixation by RuBisCO.
    So, the correct answer is 'Chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Select the correct option:
    During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons are continuously lost from the reaction centre of PS II. Which source is used to replace these electrons?
    Solution
    Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is the normal process of photophosphorylation in which the electron expelled by the excited photo centre does not return to it. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is carried out in collaboration of both photosystems I and II. An electron released during photolysis of $$H_{2}O$$ is picked up by photo centre of PS II called $$P_{680}$$.The same is extruded out when the photo centre absorbs light energy (hv). Electrons released during the photolysis of water are immediately accepted by oxidised reaction centre of PS II (i.e. $$P_{680}$$) through an unknown substance Z.
    So the correct answer is '$$H_2O$$'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Read the given statements and select the correct option. 
    Statement 1 : In photosynthesis, during ATP synthesis, protons accumulate in the lumen of thylakoid.
    Statement 2 : In respiration, during ATP synthesis, protons accumulate in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. 
    Solution
    Photolysishappens in the thylakoids, producing H+ ions inside the thylakoid membrane., a gradient of hydrogen ions will form across the membrane, ATP synthase take the advantage of this gradient, by allowing hydrogen ions to leak out of the membrane capturing their energy and phosphorylating ADP into ATP, while another statement is correct for mitochondria.
    So, the correct option is 'Both statement 1 and 2 are correct'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Select the correct statement regarding the first stable product formed in Hatch and Slack pathway in $$C_4$$ plants. 
    Solution
    In $$C_4$$ plants the first stable compound is formed in the mesophyll cells that form a ring around the bundle sheath.$$CO_2$$ here, is first accepted by PhosphoenolPyruvate to form the stable compound OxaloAcetate(OAA), which is then transported to the bundle sheath cells where it is decarboxylated and is fixed through the $$C_3$$ cycle.
    So, the correct answer is 'Oxaloacetate is formed by carboxylation of phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll  cells'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Select the INCORRECT statement related to kranz anatomy.
    Solution
    Kranz anatomy is a characteristic of $$C_4$$ plants. In kranz anatomy, the mesophyll is undifferentiated and its cells occur in concentric layers around vascular bundles. Vascular which are surrounded by large-sized bundle sheath cells which are arranged in a wreath like a manner in one to several layers. The chloroplasts of mesophyll cells are smaller, they have well-developed grana and a peripheral reticulum but no starch. Mesophyll cells possess enzyme PEP case for initial fixation of $$CO_2$$. The chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells are agranal. they possess a peripheral reticulum and starch grains. Bundle sheath cells possess enzyme RuBisCO.
    So, the correct option is 'Chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells possess well-developed grana lamellae'. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Breakdown of proton gradient developed during chemiosmosis leads to a halt in the release of 
    Solution
    According to the chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell, a proton gradient created by the ETS across the membrane leads to the passive movement of protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix or the stroma, through ATP synthase present on the inner membrane. The passive energy released by the protons is used for the synthesis of ATP from ADP. If a proton gradient breaksdown there will be no synthesis of ATP and no movement of protons across the membrane.
    So, the correct answer is 'Energy'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Select the incorrect pair.
    Solution
    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:
    • The Calvin cycle is additionally known as dark reactions or light-independent reactions as a result of it's the part that doesn't need energy from the sun to happen.
    • Both malic acid and amino alkanoic acid(aspartic acid) are 4- carbon compounds fashioned in the mesophyll cell throughout the C4 cycle. Hence, 2 carbon compounds - aspartic acid is incorrect pair.
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