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Respiration in Plants Test - 39

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Respiration in Plants Test - 39
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In the TCA cycle, the conversion of succinyl Co-A to succinic acid requires 
    Solution
    Conversion of Succinyl Co-A to succinate has a strongly negative free energy of hydrolysis of its thioester bond (ΔG°' = -36 kJ/mol). In the next step of the citric acid cycle, the energy released in the breakage of this bond is used to drive the synthesis of a phosphoanhydride bond in either GTP or ATP, and succinate is also formed in this process.
    The enzyme that catalyzes this reversible reaction is called either succinyl Co-A synthetase or succinic thiokinase; both names indicate the participation of a nucleoside triphosphate in the reaction.  

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    How many ATP molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of a molecule of active acetate or acetyl CoA ?
    Solution
    Glucose undergoes glycolysis to form 2 molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate molecule is converted to 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA. Each molecule of acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle.
    1 NADH (3 ATP) molecule is formed when the isocitrate is converted to oxalosuccinate.
    1 NADH (3 ATP) is formed during the conversion of ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.
    1 GTP/ATP is produced when sunnicyl-CoA is converted to succinic acid.
    1 FADH$$_2$$2 (2 ATP) is produced when succinc acid is converted to fumaric acid.
    1 NADH (3 ATP) is formed when malate is converted to oxaloacetate. 
    So, the correct answer is 12 ATP. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Krebs cycle begins with which of the following reaction?
    Solution
    Krebs cycle is responsible for the complete metabolism of pyruvic acid in the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle begins with condensation of two carbon unit (acetyl-CoA) with a four-carbon unit (oxaloacetate) to form a six carbon atom containing organic acid (citric acid). The enzyme catalyzing this reaction is citrate synthase. As the first stable intermediate is citric acid, this cycle is also called as citric acid. The citric acid contains three carboxylic groups. Hence, the Krebs cycle is also called as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or TCA cycle.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    More CO$$_{2}$$ is evolved than the volume of oxygen consumed when the respiratory substrate is
    Solution
    R.Q. is the ratio of carbon dioxide evolved and the oxygen consumed during the process of respiration.
    For organic acids as they consume less oxygen due to its adequate presence and gives R.Q. more than one.
    $$2(COOH)_6 + 0_2\rightarrow 4C0_2 + 2H_20$$
    RQ = 4 C02/1 02 = 4.0 is for oxalic acid.
    SO the correct option is 'Organic acid.'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Mitochondria is the site of 
    Solution
    Respiration process which release energy for various life activities takes place in mitochondria. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Total yield in one Krebs cycle is
    Solution
    One turn of Krebs cycle results in the synthesis of 3 molecules of reduced $$NADH_2$$, two molecules of $$FADH_2$$ and two molecules of GTP by substrate-level phosphorylation. The GTP is equivalent to ATP. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Substrate-level ATP gain during complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose is
    Solution
    In substrate-level phosphorylation, the involved organic compound itself serves as both electron donor (becomes oxidized) and an electron acceptor (becomes reduced) and its high energy phosphate bonds are transferred to ADP to form ATP.
    • During glycolysis, the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase transfers the high energy phosphoryl group from the carboxyl group of 1, 3- bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.
    • During glycolysis, the enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers the high energy phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, forming ATP and pyruvate.
    • During TCA cycle (Citric acid cycle; Kreb’s cycle), the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase breaks the thioester bond of succinyl-CoA and the energy released in this breakage is used to drive the synthesis of a phosphoanhydride bond in 2 GTP or 2 ATP. Succinate is the product in the process.
    • So the correct option is '4 ATP'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The site of TCA cycle in respiration and ATP synthesis is 
    Solution
    Glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid in the process of glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm. During the process of aerobic respiration, the pyruvic acid is transported to mitochondria, where it is decarboxylated into acetyl-CoA. Each molecule of acetyl-CoA is metabolised by Krebs cycle, which occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. The process of Krebs cycle generates reduced coenzymes, which are oxidised by mitochondrial electron transport chain. During oxidation of reduced coenzymes, ATP is synthesized by the process of chemiosmosis, carried out by oxysomes present on the inner mitochondrial membrane. This process of ATP synthesis is called as oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    How many ATP will be produced during the production of 1 molecule of acetyl CoA from 1 molecule of pyruvic acid?
    Solution
    Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid in the cell cytoplasm. The pyruvic acid molecules are transported to mitochondria for subsequent oxidation in the aerobic respiration. In mitochondria, each molecule of three carbon atom containing pyruvic acid is metabolised to produce two carbon atom containing acetyl coA. Thus, one molecule of carbon dioxide is released per molecule of pyruvic acid undergoing the reaction which is called as oxidative decarboxylation. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). As this reaction is an oxidation reaction, one molecule of coenzyme NADH is simultaneously reduced to give reduced $$NADH_2$$. When one molecule of reduced coenzyme is oxidised in mitochondrial electron transport chain, three molecules of ATP are produced. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Energy for ATP synthesis is obtained from 
    Solution
    Hydrogen ion gradient or proton gradient is generated during the electron transport chain. The energy is released as the electrons pass down the electron transport chain which moves the protons across a membrane. 
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