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Respiration in Plants Test - 46

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Respiration in Plants Test - 46
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is directly released by
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Carbon dioxide is used in the production of three carbon sugar by which of the following method?
    Solution
    Carbon dioxide is used in the production of three carbon sugar 3-phosphoglycerate, called as PGA. This PGA enters the Calvin cycle.
    In the Calvin cycle, carbon atoms from CO$${_2}$$ are fixed and used to build three carbon sugars. This process is fueled by, and dependent on ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. When two of the three carbon sugars produced by the Calvin cycle come together, they can combine to form a glucose molecule. Glucose may be broken down to fuel cellular respiration or stored as starch for later use. The carbon atoms from glucose can also be used to build other types of biological molecules.

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Product of fermentaion is
    I. Oxygen
    II. Carbon dioxide
    III. Lactate
    IV. Ethanol

    Solution

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The production of pH gradient during oxidative metabolism of glucose takes place during
    Solution
    Electron transport chain is a series of complexes (proteins and organic molecules) transports electrons from the donor to acceptors via redox reactions. As electrons are passed down the chain, they move from a higher to a lower energy level, releasing energy. Some of the energy is used to pump $$H^+$$ ions, moving them out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space. This pumping establishes an electrochemical gradient (increasing $$H^+$$ cause a change in pH). The transport chain builds a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, with a higher concentration of $$H^+$$ in the intermembrane space and a lower concentration in the matrix. This gradient represents a stored form of energy, and it can be used to make $$ATP.$$
    so, the answer is 'Electron transport chain.' 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Select the correct stages of aerobic respiration.
    I. Produces most of the ATP
    II. Produces carbon dioxide $$\left(C{O}_{2}\right)$$
    III. Uses oxygen $$\left({O}_{2}\right)$$
    Solution
    Chemiosmosis (I) includes the use of proton motive force to drive transport of protons down the concentration gradient and simultaneous ADP phosphorylation. It makes total 32 to 34 ATPs. Citric acid cycle (II) is the second phase of cellular respiration in which acetyl coA is enzymatically oxidized to carbon dioxide and the released energy is stored in NADH and FADH2. Electron transport chain (III) includes the transfer of electrons from NADH and $$FADH_2$$ through a series of protein complexes to final electron acceptor oxygen. Thus, the correct answer is B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the biochemical pathways produce ATP, NADH, and FADH$$_{2}$$ from pyruvate?
    Solution
    Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid enters Kreb cycle in form of acetyl-CoA where it is oxidatively decarboxylated with the production of NADH and $$FADH_2$$. Substrate level phosphorylation also produces 2 ATPs during Kreb cycle. Fermentation of pyruvic acid does not produce $$FADH_2$$. Calvin cycle refers to dark reactions of photosynthesis. Electron transport chain produces NAD, FAD by oxidation of NADH and $$FADH_2$$. Thus, the correct answer is A.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The formation of NAD via anaerobic pathway takes place by
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which element is required by the process designated as (III)?

    Solution
    Electron transport chain (III) includes downhill flow of electrons from NADH and $$FADH_2$$ to final electron acceptor (Oxygen) through a chain of membrane-bound carriers to facilitate the uphill transport of protons across a proton-impermeable membrane. Since inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through $$F_o$$ particles of ATP synthase. The proton-motive force that drives protons back into the matrix provides the energy for ATP synthesis. Correct answer is C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The process of fermentation in animal cells produces
    Solution
    • Most animal cells regenerate NAD$$^{+}$$ without decarboxylation. For example, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid when oxygen is inadequate for cellular respiration in muscle cells during exercise. Here NADH+H$$^{+}$$ is reoxidised to NAD$$^{+}$$.
    • Alcohol and carbon dioxide are the products of yeast fermentaion.
    • Pyruvic acid and acetyl Co-A are produced by glycolysis and Kreb's cycle respectively.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The production of ATP by means of oxidative phosphorylation takes place during

    I. Glycolysis
    II. Krebs cycle
    III. Chemiosmosis
    IV. Electron transport chain
    Solution
    During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation happens in two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. 
    In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.
    So, the correct answer is option D.

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