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Respiration in Plants Test - 51

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Respiration in Plants Test - 51
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Membrane bound Krebs cycle enzyme is
    Solution
    • The membrane-bound Krebs cycle enzyme is Succinic dehydrogenase.
    • Succinate dehydrogenase (succinate-coenzyme Q reductase) is also known as Complex II is an enzyme complex embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • It participates in both the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and the electron transport chain.
    • It catalyses the conversion of succinate to fumarate in the Krebs cycle (dehydrogenation).
    • So, the correct answer is 'Succinic dehydrogenase'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The different steps of aerobic respiration are
    Solution
    Aerobic respiration is a biological process which produces energy from glucose in the form of ATP in the living cells. Aerobic respiration takes place in 4 stages:
    1. Glycolysis- It is the first step of respiration which is anaerobic as it does not require oxygen and produces two molecules of pyruvate from 1 molecule of glucose. It takes place in the cytoplasm and produces two molecules of ATP and 2 NADH. 
    2. Formation of Acetyl Coenzyme A- In this step pyruvate is converted into 2 carbon acetyl group which then combines with coenzyme A to form Acetyl coenzyme A. 
    3. Krebs cycle- This step takes place in mitochondria where acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to produce citrate. The citrate undergoes several conversion steps and ultimately forms oxaloacetate to restart the cycle. Two turns of the citric acid cycle are required to break down acetyl coenzyme A from single glucose molecule and produce 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH. 
    4. Electron transport chain- This is the final step in which NADH and FADH donate their electrons to make large amounts of ATP. One molecule of glucose creates a total of 34 ATP. The step is also called as terminal oxidation stage which includes electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    TCA enzymes mostly occur in
    Solution
    • The mitochondria is a double-membraned cell organelle, known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
    • The inner membrane of the mitochondria is the site of the electron transport chain (aerobic respiration) therefore, consists of respiratory chain enzymes.
    • The enzymes for the citric acid cycle or Kreb's cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix (expect for succinate dehydrogenase).
    • So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondrial matrix'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The intermediate of glycolysis which undergoes lysis or splitting is
    Solution
    The fourth step of glycolysis is a splitting process in which Fructose 1,6- diphosphate splits into two 3-carbon, phosphorylated sugars: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 3- glyceraldehyde phosphate (3-PGAL). The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme aldolase. DHAP is converted into PGAL with the aid of an enzyme phosphotriose isomerase. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Number of carbon atoms present in citric acid, oxaloacetic acid, and pyruvic acid are 
    Solution
    Pyruvic acid is a 3-carbon compound which is formed in glycolysis by the breakdown of glucose. Glucose is a 6- carbon compound with molecular formula C6H12O6 and breakdown of one molecule of glucose produces 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (C3H4O3) which is a 3- carbon compound.  
    Pyruvic acid formed in the cytoplasm enters mitochondrial matrix where it forms acetyl coenzyme A which is a 2-carbon compound. It reacts in the presence of water with oxaloacetate (C4H4O5) which is a 4-carbon compound to form 6-carbon citrate (C6H8O7) and freeing coenzyme A. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Inner mitochondrial membrane allows the passage of
    Solution
    The first step of aerobic respiration is glycolysis pathway which takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. It results in the breakdown of glucose to produce 2 molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate formed in the cytoplasm then enters the mitochondrial inner membrane to continue the second step of respiration which is the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to give rise to acetyl coenzyme A. The formation of acetyl coenzyme A then proceeds to carry on a series of 8 cyclic steps called Krebs cycle in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one is inhibited if the cells contain excess of ATP
    Solution
    The excess of ATP has a negative feedback mechanism on enzyme phosphofructokinase. During glycolysis when glucose-1, 6-bisphosphate is converted into Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate, this is enzyme is used. 
    When there is an excess of ATP then this results in the inhibition of the activity of the enzyme phosphofructokinase. Glycolysis also cannot take place due to this.
    So, the correct option is 'Glycolysis'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Formation of phosphoenol pyruvate from 2-pliosphoglycerate is
    Solution
    In the second last step of glycolysis, 2- phosphoglycerate loses a water molecule in the presence of an enzyme enolase and magnesium ions and changes into phosphoenolpyruvate. The latter undergoes molecular rearrangement that transforms its phosphate group into a high energy phosphate bond. Since it involves the loss of water molecule, it is a dehydration reaction
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Substrate phosphorylation is the formation of
    Solution

    Substrate level phosphorylation is a metabolic reaction that results in the formation of ATP from ADP by the direct transfer of phosphoryl group to ADP from another phosphorylated compound. For example, the process of glycolysis involves two steps where ATP formation occurs by substrate-level phosphorylation. First, in step 6, high energy phosphate group on carbon 1 of 1,3 diphosphoglycerate is transferred to a molecule of ADP, converting it into an ATP molecule. 1,3 diphosphoglycerate changes to 3- phosphoglycerate due to loss of a phosphate group. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme phosphoglycerokinase. Formation of ATP directly from metabolites is known as substrate-level phosphorylation. In the last step of glycolysis also, pyruvic acid is formed from phosphoenol pyruvate where ATP generation occurs by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.  
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Respiratory formation of ATP during the reactions 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid-->3-phosphoglyceric acid and phosphoenol pyruvate -->Pyruvate is
    Solution
    Formation of ATP directly from metabolites is known as substrate level phosphorylation. In the process of glycolysis, the sixth and last steps involve the formation of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. 
    1. In the sixth step of glycolysis, high energy phosphate group on carbon 1 of 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is transferred to a molecule of ADP converting it into an ATP molecule. 1,3 diphosphoglyceric acid changes to 3-phosphoglyceric acid due to loss of a phosphate group.
    2. In the last step, high energy phosphate group of phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to a molecule of ADP with the help of an enzyme, pyruvate kinase in the presence of magnesium ions and potassium ions. This produces pyruvate and a molecule of ATP. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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