Respiration in Plants Test - 7

There is a sequential, orderly pathway functioning, with one substrate forming the next and with glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETS pathway following one after another.

Oxidative phosphorylation is process in which ATP is produced by chemiosmosis in inner wall of mitochondria called cristae.

During electron transport chain stage of respiration of complete oxidation of glucose greatest number of ATP is formed from ADP in inner wall of mitochondria.

During citric acid cycle, Succinic acid is converted into Fumaric acid during which FAD +   molecules is produce that produce 2 ATP molecules.

Electron transport process makes direct use of oxygen to produce ATP molecules in respiration process.

Synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis and respiration in chloroplast and mitochondria respectively is based explained by chemiosmotic theory. This theory is based on protein gradient between inner and outer membrane to form ATP from ADP and phosphate ions.

The electrochemical potential gradient created across the membrane due to high hydrogen ion H⁺ concentration on outer side of membrane of mitochondria is called proton motive force.

Mitochondria is called power house of the cell because it contain enzymes required for Kreb’s cycle and cytochrome for electron transport chain during which energy is released in form of ATP.

Respiratory Quotient is the ratio of number of carbon dioxide molecules produced to the number of oxygen molecules used during respiration. RQ is more than one in case the substrate is organic acids.

The compounds that are oxidised during this process are known as respiratory substrates. Usually carbohydrates are oxidised to release energy, but proteins, fats and even organic acids can be used as respiratory substances in some plants.