Respiration in Plants Test

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Respiration in Plants Test - 74

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Question 1
1 / -0

The first 5C dicarboxylic acid in Krebs' cycle which is used in nitrogen metabolism is

A
OAA

B
Citric acid

C
$$\alpha$$-ketoglutaric acid

D
Acetyl coenzyme A

Solution

The first 5 carbon dicarboxylic acid in Krebs' cycle is $$\alpha$$-ketoglutaric acid. The $$\alpha$$-ketoglutarate that accumulates when $$\alpha$$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is inhibited can be used in nitrogen metabolism as a precursor for several amino acids and the purine bases.
$$\alpha-ketoglutarate \rightarrow Glutamate\rightarrow Other \,\,amino \,\,acids\rightarrow Purines$$

$$\alpha$$-ketoglutarate of Krebs' cycle produces an important amino acid called glutamate on amination.
So the correct answer is '$$\alpha$$-ketoglutaric acid'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Categories the given equations under respective phases and select the correct option.

A
I-Glycolysis ; II-Fermentation ; III-Krebs' cycle

B
I-Krebs' cycle ; II - Fermentation ; III -Glycolysis

C
I-Krebs' cycle ;II- Glycolysis ; III- Fermentation

D
I- Glycolysis ; II- Krebs' cycle ; III-Fermentation

Solution

Glycolysis, also known as EMP (Embden, Meyerhof, Parnas) pathway, is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen. It occurs in the cytosol of the cell and completes in 10 steps. Net reaction of glycolysis is:

$$Glucose+{2NAD}^{+}+2ADP+{2H}_{3}{PO}_{4}\xrightarrow{Glycolysis}2 Pyruvate+2 NADH+2 ATP+{2H}^{+}$$

A molecule of pyruvic acid that enters a mitochondrion is completely oxidized to form 3 carbon dioxide in one pre-Krebs' cycle decarboxylation and two Krebs' cycle decarboxylations. Net reaction of Krebs' cycle is as:

$$Pyruvic acid+{4NAD}^{+}+{FAD}^{+}+{2H}_{2}O+ADP+Pl\rightarrow{3CO}_{2}+4 NADH{4H}^{+}+{FADH}_{2}+ATP$$

The given reaction represents alcoholic fermentation. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into ethanol in a two-step pathway. Ethyl alcohol fermentation. is quite common in fungi(e.g., Rhizopus, yeast) and bacteria. In yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated to form acetaldehyde which is then reduced by NADH to form ethanol.
So the correct answer is 'I- Glycolysis; II- Krebs' cycle; III-Fermentation'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Select the correct:
Identify P,Q,R,S and T in the given diagram of electron transport system.

A
P-Matrix; Q- Outer chamber; R-$$FMNH_2$$; S-$$NADH_2$$; T- 2H

B
P-Inter membrane space; Q- Matrix; R-NADH+$$H^+$$; S-$$NAD^+$$; T- $$2H^+$$

C
P-Inter membrane; Q- Cristae; R-$$NAD^+$$; S-$$NADH+H^+$$; T- $$H_2$$

D
P-Cristae; Q- Outer chamber; R-NADH+$$H^+$$; S-$$NAD^+$$; T- $$2H^+$$

Solution

The following steps in the respiratory process are to release and utilise the energy stored in NADH + H$$^+$$ and FADH$$_2$$. This is accomplished when they are oxidised through the electron transport system and the electrons are passed on to O$$_2$$ resulting in the formation of H$$_2$$O. The electron transport system is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from NADH produced in the mitochondrial matrix( Q) during the citric acid cycle are oxidised(H$$^+$$) by an NADH dehydrogenase ( Complex I) to NAD$$^+$$. Electrons are then transferred to ubiquinone located within the inner membrane. Protons(2H$$^+$$,) are transferred to the inner membrane space.
So, the correct answer is 'P-Inter membrane space, Q- Matrix, R- NADH + H$$^+$$; S- NAD$$^+$$; T- 2H$$^+$$'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs during which step of Krebs' cycle?

A
$$Succinyl \,CoA\rightarrow Succinic \,acid$$

B
$$Isocitric \,acid\rightarrow Oxalosuccinic \,acid$$

C
$$Oxalosuccinic \,acid\rightarrow\alpha-ketoglutaric \,acid$$

D
$$Malic \,acid\rightarrow OAA$$

Solution

During Krebs' or citric acid cycle, succinyl-CoA is acted upon by enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase to form succinate (a 4C compound). The reaction releases sufficient energy to form ATP (in plants) or GTP (in animals) by substrate-level phosphorylation. GTP can form ATP through a coupled reaction.
$$Succinyl \,\,CoA+GDP/ADP +{H}_{3}{PO}_{4}\overset{Succinyl CoA}{\underset{synthetase}{\rightleftharpoons}}Succinate+CoA+GTP/ATP$$

So the correct answer is '$$Succinyl \,CoA\rightarrow Succinic \,acid$$'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following steps of respiration is amphibolic?

A
Glycolysis

B
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

C
TCA cycle

D
Oxidative phosphorylation

Solution

TCA or Krebs' cycle is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) because it provides a number of intermediates for anabolic pathways.
Question 6
1 / -0

The intermediate product between $$\alpha$$-ketoglutaric acid and succinic acid in TCA cycle is

A
Acetyl CoA

B
Succinyl CoA

C
Fumarate

D
Oxalosuccinic acid

Solution

Succinyl CoA is an important intermediate in the citric acid cycle, where it is synthesized from α-ketoglutarate by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase through decarboxylation. During the process, coenzyme A is added. Succinyl-CoA is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle and can be readily incorporated there. Thus, the correct answer is 'Succinyl-CoA.'
Question 7
1 / -0

Select the correct statement -

A
When ATP is synthesised directly from metabolites, it is substrate level phosphorylation.

B
In Krebs' cycle, citrate undergoes 2 decarboxylations and 4 dehydrogenations.

C
Krebs' cycle is an amphibolic process

D
All of these

Solution

The term substrate-level phosphorylation refers to the synthesis of ATP by reactions in which ADP is one of several substrates and ATP is one of several products of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In the example below, the substrates are phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP. Each acetyl coenzyme A proceeded once through the citric acid cycle. Therefore, in total, it created 6 $$NADH$$ + $$H^+$$ molecules, two $$FADH_2$$ molecules, four carbon dioxide molecules, and two ATP molecules. In Krebs' cycle, citrate undergoes 2 decarboxylations and 4 dehydrogenations. Kreb cycle is an amphibolic pathway. It serves in both catabolic and anabolic processes. The Kerbs cycle or citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that degrades acetyl CoA to yield carbon dioxide, and energy, which is used to produce $$NADH$$, $$H^+$$ and $$FADH$$.
Thus, the correct answers is 'All of the above'.
Question 8
1 / -0

All enzymes of TCA cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix except one which is located in inner-mitochondrial membranes in eukaryotes and in cytosol in prokaryotes. This enzyme is

A
Isocitrate dehydrongenase

B
Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

C
Succinate dehydrogenase

D
Lactate dehydrogenase

Solution

Succinate dehydrogenase is the only enzyme of Krebs' cycle which is located in inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and in cytosol in prokaryotes while all other enzymes of this cycle are located in the mitochondrial matrix.
Question 9
1 / -0

Select the correct option:
Select the correct sequence of formation of given intermediates of Krebs' cycle.

A
$$Succinate\rightarrow Malate\rightarrow Fumarate\rightarrow OAA$$

B
$$Fumarate\rightarrow Succinate\rightarrow Malate\rightarrow OAA$$

C
$$Succinate\rightarrow Fumarate\rightarrow Malate\rightarrow OAA$$

D
$$Malate\rightarrow Fumarate\rightarrow Succinate\rightarrow OAA$$

Solution

In Kreb's cycle:
1. Dehydrogenation: This process converts succinate into 4 carbon fumarate with the aid of enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, and liberates a pair of hydrogen atoms.
2. Hydration. This process changes fumarate into 4- carbon maltate in the presence of water and an enzyme furmarase.
3. Dehydrogenation: This process restores oxaloacetate by removing a pair of hydrogen atoms from maltate with the help of an enzyme maltate dehydrogenase.
So, the correct answer is 'Succinate $$\rightarrow$$ Fumarate $$\rightarrow$$Malate $$\rightarrow$$ OAA'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Select the wrong statement -

A
When tripalmitin is used as a substrate in respiration, the RQ is 0.7.

B
The intermediate compound which links glycolysis with Krebs' cycle is malic acid

C
One glucose molecule yields a net gain of 36 ATP molecules during aerobic respiration.

D
One glucose molecule yields a net gain of 2 ATP molecules during glycolysis.

Solution

Acetyl CoA is the key intermediate between the Krebs cycle of Glycolysis. After Glycolysis, the glucose converts to Pyruvic acid which is a three-carbon molecule. It is converted into Acetyl Coenzyme-A by oxidative decarboxylation.
Thus, (B) statement is incorrect.

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Respiration in Plants Test - 74

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Respiration in Plants Test - 74

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Question 1

OAA

Citric acid

$$\alpha$$-ketoglutaric acid

Acetyl coenzyme A

Solution

Question 2

I-Glycolysis ; II-Fermentation ; III-Krebs' cycle

I-Krebs' cycle ; II - Fermentation ; III -Glycolysis

I-Krebs' cycle ;II- Glycolysis ; III- Fermentation

I- Glycolysis ; II- Krebs' cycle ; III-Fermentation

Solution

Question 3

P-Matrix; Q- Outer chamber; R-$$FMNH_2$$; S-$$NADH_2$$; T- 2H

P-Inter membrane space; Q- Matrix; R-NADH+$$H^+$$; S-$$NAD^+$$; T- $$2H^+$$

P-Inter membrane; Q- Cristae; R-$$NAD^+$$; S-$$NADH+H^+$$; T- $$H_2$$

P-Cristae; Q- Outer chamber; R-NADH+$$H^+$$; S-$$NAD^+$$; T- $$2H^+$$

Solution

Question 4

$$Succinyl \,CoA\rightarrow Succinic \,acid$$

$$Isocitric \,acid\rightarrow Oxalosuccinic \,acid$$

$$Oxalosuccinic \,acid\rightarrow\alpha-ketoglutaric \,acid$$

$$Malic \,acid\rightarrow OAA$$

Solution

Question 5

Glycolysis

Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

TCA cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

Solution

Question 6

Acetyl CoA

Succinyl CoA

Fumarate

Oxalosuccinic acid

Solution

Question 7

When ATP is synthesised directly from metabolites, it is substrate level phosphorylation.

In Krebs' cycle, citrate undergoes 2 decarboxylations and 4 dehydrogenations.

Krebs' cycle is an amphibolic process

All of these

Solution

Question 8

Isocitrate dehydrongenase

Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Solution

Question 9

$$Succinate\rightarrow Malate\rightarrow Fumarate\rightarrow OAA$$

$$Fumarate\rightarrow Succinate\rightarrow Malate\rightarrow OAA$$

$$Succinate\rightarrow Fumarate\rightarrow Malate\rightarrow OAA$$

$$Malate\rightarrow Fumarate\rightarrow Succinate\rightarrow OAA$$

Solution

Question 10

When tripalmitin is used as a substrate in respiration, the RQ is 0.7.

The intermediate compound which links glycolysis with Krebs' cycle is malic acid

One glucose molecule yields a net gain of 36 ATP molecules during aerobic respiration.

One glucose molecule yields a net gain of 2 ATP molecules during glycolysis.

Solution

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